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This article is being split into components check for duplication prior to updataing
 
... I think it is pretty much dead and delinked.... now
 
 
 
 
== Capacitors ==
 
== Capacitors ==
 
=== Basics ===
 
=== Basics ===
Line 39: Line 35:
 
# [http://www.northcountryradio.com/PDFs/column008.pdf RC Timers and Timing Circuits]
 
# [http://www.northcountryradio.com/PDFs/column008.pdf RC Timers and Timing Circuits]
 
# [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoupling_capacitor Decoupling capacitor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 
# [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoupling_capacitor Decoupling capacitor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
# [http://www.piclist.com/techref/caps.htm Components: Capacitors]
 
  
 
=== Electrolytic ===
 
=== Electrolytic ===
Line 64: Line 59:
  
 
== Inductors ==
 
== Inductors ==
 
An inductor reacts to current, but not to its value, but rather its change. It “tries” to keep the current through it constant. Any change in current causes a voltage across the inductor. The key equation for an inductor ( it is a bit complicated, but anyway here it ) is:
 
 
=== equation here soon ===
 
 
where
 
L = inductance ( units: henry )
 
V = voltage ( unit: volts )
 
I = current ( unit: Ampere )
 
t = time ( unit: seconds )
 
 
Uses:
 
*tuned circuits: a circuit that responds in a special way to some frequencies( s ).
 
*power supply filter: remove the pulsing DC left from rectification or other noise in the signal.
 
*Decoupling: usually blocking high frequencies from one part of a circuit from getting in another part.
 
*boost buck regulators: voltage regulators that decrease or increase voltage.
 
 
Links
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductors Inductor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 
 
Comments:
 
 
 
"Ferrites?  I don't know much about 'em, I only use ferrites in switching regulators."  --National Semiconductor's Bob Pease
 
"Ferrites?  I don't know much about 'em, I only use ferrites in switching regulators."  --National Semiconductor's Bob Pease
  
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== Resistors ==
 
== Resistors ==
Probably the most basic component, just a hunk of wire ( low resistance ) or a long thin wire ( high resistance ).
 
 
 
 
When a voltage is applied to the two ends of an object, then a current usually flows through the object. If the object resists the voltage then the current will be small, if it does not then the current will be high. The amount of resistance is called ! The resistance. It is measured in ohms. ( Note that acting as a resistor is the simplest thing the object can do, there are more complicated behaviors, see capacitor, diodes, inductors, etc. A resistor is pretty much the simplest of electrical components.
 
If almost no current flows we call the object an insulator, if a large current flows we call it a conductor. We often view a wire as a resistor of 0 ohms and an insulator as a resistor of infinite ohms. The key equation for a resistor is:
 
 
R=V/I
 
 
where I = current ( unit: amperes, amps )
 
V = voltage ( unit: volts )
 
R = resistance ( unit: ohms = volts per amp )
 
 
 
 
 
List of standard 1% resistors.  If you want 1% resistors, you must pick from this list or you will pay a fortune for the resistor, assuming you can ever get it.
 
List of standard 1% resistors.  If you want 1% resistors, you must pick from this list or you will pay a fortune for the resistor, assuming you can ever get it.
 
Interpret these numbers as the "mantissa" of the value.   
 
Interpret these numbers as the "mantissa" of the value.   
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806 825 845 866 887  
 
806 825 845 866 887  
 
909 931 953 976
 
909 931 953 976
 
 
 
Uses
 
*current limiting:
 
Putting a resistor in a circuit, usually in series with another component it will reduce the current in the circuit, this is often useful to protect the other component. Very common to limit the current in a LED.
 
current sense:
 
When a resistor is in series with a circuit the voltage across it will vary with the current ( ohms law ) Sometimes we do this with a low value of resistance and use the voltage across the resistor to measure or control the current.
 
*Isolation :
 
A resistor between but connecting 2 components will tend to equalize their voltage, but only using small currents. It the components “want to go there own way, voltage wise” all they need do is put out a small current. For example people will sometimes ground themselves through a 10 mega ohm resistor. This tends to bring them to ground voltage, but they are protected from a deadly shock because most voltages cannot push a lethal current through 10 megs.
 
*pull up or pull down:
 
Sometimes a component will have a very high resistance to both the positive and negative side of the power supply and the voltage can easily drift around due to more or less random events. Under these conditions we will often connect a resistance ( typically around 10 K ohms ) to either the positive or negative side of the power supply. If to the positive side it is called a pull up resistor, if to the negative side a pull down resistor.
 
*voltage divider:
 
A voltage divider takes some voltage as an input and has an output that is some fraction of the input ( from 0 to 1 ) A volume control is usually some sort of voltage divider.
 
 
Links
 
 
#[http://www.piclist.com/techref/resistors.htm  Components: Resistors]
 
#[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductors Resistor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 
#[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull_up_resistor Pull-up resistor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 
#[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_divider Voltage divider rule From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 
 
  
 
=== Carbon ===
 
=== Carbon ===
The most common found resistor is the carbor film. Theses are generally the cheapest and most used in devices. The commonly are designed to withstand 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and 1 watts of power.
 
 
 
=== Metal Film ===
 
=== Metal Film ===
 
=== Wire-Wound ===
 
=== Wire-Wound ===
Useful for cheap and accurate resistance, but has significant inductance compared to film resistors.  Some may be wound in one direction, others half in one direction half in the other, this second method reduces but does not entirely eliminate the inductance.  Very common in the range of 5 watts and up.  Beware of these for use.
 
 
 
=== Precision ===
 
=== Precision ===
 
+
=== Potentiometers ===
== Potentiometers ==
+
[[Digital_Potentiometers]]
 
 
A Potentiometer is a resistor that has a third connection somewhere between the two main terminals. This connection is movable and if put at one end of the resistor will have no resistance between that end of the resistor and the full resistance to the other end. By moving the connection ( sometimes called a tap ) we can control the resistance to each end of the pot, but the sum of the two resistances always equals the total resistance of the potentiometer. A potentiometer is often used as a sort or adjustable voltage divider.
 
There is an electriclly adjustable version: [[Digital_Potentiometers]]
 
 
 
 
 
Uses
 
*Adjustable voltage divider.
 
*Volume control.
 
*Variable resistor ( sometimes used when the correct value of resistance is not know or available, then the pot is use: it is adjusted, perhaps just once, after the circuit is built – to “tweak” the circuit into operating correctly.
 
*Trim or 0 adjustment
 
 
 
External Links
 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer Potentiometer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia( inc. Schematic and Picture )]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
[[Category:Components]]
 
[[Category:Components]]

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