Editing PIC based Stepper Motor Dancing Analog Clock
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*Name: PIC based Stepper Motor Analog Clock with Dancing Hands | *Name: PIC based Stepper Motor Analog Clock with Dancing Hands | ||
*Purpose: An amusing analog clock, see below. | *Purpose: An amusing analog clock, see below. | ||
− | *Status: This is a draft. Code works but still in refinement, code available, email russ_hensel | + | *Status: This is a very early draft. Code works but still in refinement, code available, email russ_hensel |
*Technology: Stepper Motors, PIC 16F877A and BoostC | *Technology: Stepper Motors, PIC 16F877A and BoostC | ||
*Author: [[russ_hensel]] ( where you can find an email address to reach me ) | *Author: [[russ_hensel]] ( where you can find an email address to reach me ) | ||
*License: Open source and object code. | *License: Open source and object code. | ||
− | This is an analog clock, with real hands driven by stepper motors. | + | This is an analog clock, with real hands driven by stepper motors. Because stepper motors are quite powerful the clock could be made quite large, 3 feet in diameter is probably within reach still using inexpensive ( salvage ) stepper motors. The project description includes eagle files for the circuits and a BoostC project with source code for the PIC. |
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=== Major Parts === | === Major Parts === | ||
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*2 Stepper Motors -- probably can be salvaged from printers or 5 1/4 disk drives ( where I got mine ) | *2 Stepper Motors -- probably can be salvaged from printers or 5 1/4 disk drives ( where I got mine ) | ||
*PIC16F877 processor -- Others can be used, but this guy has a lot of IO, quite a bit is used for the clock | *PIC16F877 processor -- Others can be used, but this guy has a lot of IO, quite a bit is used for the clock | ||
− | *Low | + | *Low sid Driver Chip -- but any transistors with reasonable beta and enough current handling capacity could be substuited. |
*Case -- With a bit more work than I have done you could have a really nice case. I am working on an oak one now | *Case -- With a bit more work than I have done you could have a really nice case. I am working on an oak one now | ||
*Clock Face -- Some good artwork here could make a really good looking clock, anyone willing to send me an high quality graphics file? | *Clock Face -- Some good artwork here could make a really good looking clock, anyone willing to send me an high quality graphics file? | ||
*Circuit Board -- Right now mine is built mostly on a proto board, but I have designed but not tested printed circuit boards suitable for single sided, toner transfer, fabrication. | *Circuit Board -- Right now mine is built mostly on a proto board, but I have designed but not tested printed circuit boards suitable for single sided, toner transfer, fabrication. | ||
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=== What it Looks Like === | === What it Looks Like === | ||
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The current case, face, and hands are pretty rough, I am working on better ones, but it may be a bit of a wait. | The current case, face, and hands are pretty rough, I am working on better ones, but it may be a bit of a wait. | ||
− | Still photo | + | Still photo .... comming soon. |
− | Video of a couple of | + | Video of a couple of hours, running at 10 x |
− | + | ...... comming soon | |
=== Features === | === Features === | ||
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|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|Special effects -- Dancing | |Special effects -- Dancing | ||
− | |Hour and minute hands may "dance" at special times, see the video at: | + | |Hour and minute hands may "dance" at special times, see the video at: xxx |
<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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|For debugging and demo of special effects | |For debugging and demo of special effects | ||
− | <!-------------------------------- | + | <!-------------------------------- |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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− | | | + | | |
<!-------------------------------- | <!-------------------------------- | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
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=== Circuit === | === Circuit === | ||
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For parts I used used my junk box, when it fails consider SparkFun and Futurlec. Or..... See: [[Supplier]]. | For parts I used used my junk box, when it fails consider SparkFun and Futurlec. Or..... See: [[Supplier]]. | ||
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==== Power Supply ==== | ==== Power Supply ==== | ||
− | This is a straight forward half wave rectifier with a linear regulator. It is powered by a wall wart transformer rated at about 9 volts. The unregulated voltage is over 9 volts ( 9 * ( 2 ^ 1/2 )) by simple theory. This unregulated voltage is used directly by the steppers so choose you wall wart to match your stepper motors. You should also size the filter caps based on the current that will be used by the motors. A couple of volts of ripple is not a problem as long as you have enough overhead for the 5 volt regulator ( the PIC might run on less, let me know if you try it ). An important part of the power supply is a 60 hz, roughly square wave. It is clipped off from the AC input. The 60 Hz power line tends to be very accurate over the long term, less so if you suffer power outages. You could run the clock on | + | This is a straight forward half wave rectifier with a linear regulator. It is powered by a wall wart transformer rated at about 9 volts. The unregulated voltage is over 9 volts ( 9 * ( 2 ^ 1/2 )) by simple theory. This unregulated voltage is used directly by the steppers so choose you wall wart to match your stepper motors. You should also size the filter caps based on the current that will be used by the motors. A couple of volts of ripple is not a problem as long as you have enough overhead for the 5 volt regulator ( the PIC might run on less, let me know if you try it ). An important part of the power supply is a 60 hz, roughly square wave. It is clipped off from the AC input. The 60 Hz power line tends to be very accurate over the long term, less so if you suffer power outages. You could run the clock on DC but the motors load down a battery pretty badly and you would need a timing signal ( the original code has a subroutine for timing off the crystal ). |
===== Power Supply Schematic and Board ===== | ===== Power Supply Schematic and Board ===== | ||
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|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|Wall Wart | |Wall Wart | ||
− | |You need one with AC output to get the 60 Hz timing signal from the power line. Mine is a 9 v 800 ma unit. I found it somewhere | + | |You need one with AC output to get the 60 Hz timing signal from the power line. Mine is a 9 v 800 ma unit. I found it somewhere. |
<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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===== Processor Schematic and Board ===== | ===== Processor Schematic and Board ===== | ||
− | Single sided, for toner transfer, in Eagle ( semi-final, less ground plane, files may be more up to date ) | + | Single sided, for toner transfer, in Eagle ( semi-final, less ground plane, files may be more up to date ) |
[[Image:ProcessorBoardSch.png | Power Supply Schematic ]] | [[Image:ProcessorBoardSch.png | Power Supply Schematic ]] | ||
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|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|Wall Wart | |Wall Wart | ||
− | |You need one with AC output to get the 60 Hz timing signal from the power line. Mine is a 9 v 800 ma unit. I found it somewhere | + | |You need one with AC output to get the 60 Hz timing signal from the power line. Mine is a 9 v 800 ma unit. I found it somewhere. |
<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|PIC16F877A | |PIC16F877A | ||
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<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|Single Pole double throw Momentry Switch | |Single Pole double throw Momentry Switch | ||
− | |( or could be 2 momentary push buttons ) one moves the hands up, the other down, in the set and adjust modes | + | |( or could be 2 momentary push buttons ) one moves the hands up, the other down, in the set and adjust modes. |
<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|Pull Up/Down Resistors | |Pull Up/Down Resistors | ||
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<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |CQ1, CQ2 = | + | |CQ1, CQ2 = crystal resistors |
− | |about 20 pf seems to work, see the | + | |about 20 pf seems to work, see the 977a manual |
− | <!-------------------------------- | + | <!--------------------------------> |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|xx | |xx | ||
| | | | ||
− | <!-------------------------------- | + | <!--------------------------------> |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|xx | |xx | ||
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|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|Q = crystal | |Q = crystal | ||
− | |4 meg Hz is what I used. May be quite a bit faster than needed, I have not looked into this. The 4 meg crystal seems to work ok on a proto board | + | |4 meg Hz is what I used. May be quite a bit faster than needed, I have not looked into this. The 4 meg crystal seems to work ok on a proto board. |
<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|RA4, RA5 = Pull up resistors | |RA4, RA5 = Pull up resistors | ||
− | |10K | + | |10K |
<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |RB1 ... RB6 | + | |RB1 ... RB6 |
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<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |RRA2, RRA3 | + | |RRA2, RRA3 = |
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<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |RRA1 = | + | |RRA1 = |
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− | <!-------------------------------- | + | <!--------------------------------> |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |DRIVER = | + | |DRIVER = |
− | |Driver chip for stepper. ULN2803 | + | |Driver chip for stepper. ULN2803 |
<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |RMC = Pull up resistor for master clear | + | |RMC = Pull up resistor for master clear |
− | |10k | + | |10k |
<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|PUSH_BUTTON_SWITCH = Reset | |PUSH_BUTTON_SWITCH = Reset | ||
|Push to reset the processor. Mine was from salvage. | |Push to reset the processor. Mine was from salvage. | ||
− | <!-------------------------------- | + | <!--------------------------------> |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
| = | | = | ||
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<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |VDD = | + | |VDD = |
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<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |G1 = | + | |G1 = |
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<!--------------------------------> | <!--------------------------------> | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |SW_UP, SW_DOWN = | + | |SW_UP, SW_DOWN = |
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− | <!-------------------------------- | + | <!--------------------------------> |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
| = | | = | ||
| | | | ||
− | <!-------------------------------- | + | <!--------------------------------> |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
| = | | = | ||
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|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|MOUNT_1...4 | |MOUNT_1...4 | ||
− | |Mounting holes | + | |Mounting holes |
<!-------------------------------- | <!-------------------------------- | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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=== Program === | === Program === | ||
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Nothing very fancy here. The 60 Hz input is fed to the port x interrupt. This lets the PIC keep time. The hands are not moved during the interrupt instead flags requesting hand movement are set and the main loop moves the hands. | Nothing very fancy here. The 60 Hz input is fed to the port x interrupt. This lets the PIC keep time. The hands are not moved during the interrupt instead flags requesting hand movement are set and the main loop moves the hands. | ||
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Invalid states for the mode can easily happen with a rotory switch when the wiper is not fully in position. Because of this not all possible states on the mode input are used. | Invalid states for the mode can easily happen with a rotory switch when the wiper is not fully in position. Because of this not all possible states on the mode input are used. | ||
− | The stepper control is half step. The activation of the coils is determined by an array which hold the 8 different activations of the coils | + | The stepper control is half step. The activation of the coils is determined by an array which hold the 8 different activations of the coils. |
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− | + | For the serial interface code see [[Serial Communications Library -- BoostC and 16F877A]] | |
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=== Building the Clock === | === Building the Clock === | ||
− | My first case is just a 3/4 inch board with a thinner ( about 1/4 inch ) board mounted | + | My first case is just a 3/4 inch board with a thinner ( about 1/4 inch ) board mounted perpendicurlarrly to it for the face of the clock. Mounting the stepper motors can be probalematic as the ones I encountered had no mounting tabs or holes. What I finally came up with is to drill a fairly large hole ( about 1 inch ) that matches a slightly raised cylinder around the shaft. Then bolt a plate across the back of the motor and sandwich the motor up against the hole. It holds well, centers up nicely, and is easy to take apart. |
− | The face is just a | + | The face is just a peice of light cardboard with the face drawn on it. Be as creative as you can. You should be able to do better than my attempt. My hands are bamboo skewers from the kitchen drawer. They are pushed perpendicurlarly through a short peice of aquarium tubing which then slips over the motor shaft. Seems to work pretty well. |
You should be able to make a much better looking clock, I am working on one and will report back later. | You should be able to make a much better looking clock, I am working on one and will report back later. | ||
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+ | add some pictures here >> | ||
=== Running the Clock === | === Running the Clock === | ||
− | + | Before plugging it in set the hands to 12 oclock and and 0 minutes ( if the hands are accessable ). | |
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− | + | Plug in. The hands should spin a bit and then stop. The clock will be set to 12:00 and will immediately start running. But the hands may not be initialized or adjusted to the correct zero positions. To adjust them change the mode switch to Adj Hour Hand and manipulate the up down switch untill the hour hand moves to 12:00 ( this does not change the internal time of the clock ), switch to Adj Minute Hand | |
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− | + | If you are using the serial interface: | |
− | + | Enter the serial mode by connecting a 9600 8n1 with a terminal emulator like ..... | |
− | + | The clock should send debugging information about onec a minute. It will also inform you of the changing of modes with the mode switch. | |
− | + | Then send an ! the clock should respond with.... | |
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− | + | Command table | |
=== Additional Ideas === | === Additional Ideas === | ||
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*Clock faces and hands can be bought ( google it ). Maybe they could be usefully incorporated. | *Clock faces and hands can be bought ( google it ). Maybe they could be usefully incorporated. | ||
+ | === Download === | ||
− | + | Comming, email me until then see [[russ_hensel] | |
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=== Comment, Questions, Contributions? === | === Comment, Questions, Contributions? === | ||
Email me [[russ_hensel]], or use the talk page for this topic. All feedback is welcome. | Email me [[russ_hensel]], or use the talk page for this topic. All feedback is welcome. | ||
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