Difference between revisions of "Motor driver"

Revision as of 13:26, 29 November 2007

There are many kinds of motor drivers:

servo motor controller
stepper motor controller
DC motor controller ("brushed")
AC motor controller ("brushless")
... (todo: fill in the other kinds) ...

A DC motor controller that is 'reversible' generally uses an 'H bridge'. This 'H-bridge' uses four output drivers in a configuration that resembles an H where the load is the cross bar in the middle. The lines on either side of the load (the downward strokes in the H) represent a series connection of a pull-up driver and a pull-down driver. This allows each terminal of the load to be connected to either the positive supply rail, or the negative supply rail. This allows a positive, negative or zero voltage difference across the load. This load voltage is then utilized to provide the desired control required of the motor. The various combinations can give a 'forwards' torque on a DC motor, a 'backwards' torque on the same motor, can allow the motor to free-wheel (without any applied torque) or can provide a locking of the motor such that it resists any attempt to rotate it.

A single phase AC motor is generally driven in the same way as a DC motor, however instead of operating the motor drive as a constant DC voltage (in either the 'forward' or 'reverse' direction) the AC motor is driven by an approximation to a sinewave. This approximation is created using the H bridge and driving it with a PWM input such that both the positive and negative voltage periods are the same. This is normally achieved either using a sawtooth waveform compared against a sine wave reference, or is done using a lookup table in a microcontroller.

A similar method is used to drive multiphase (3-phase) AC motors, however instead of just using an H bridge, only a half H bridge is used per phase (3 half-bridges). Each phases half bridge is then driven in the same manner as for the single phase motor, with a phase difference between the phases as appropriate.

Most stepper motor controllers uses 2 independent H bridges (4 half-bridges) for the 2 independent coils of a stepper motor. Each possible state (one bridge driving current one way, the other way, or free-floating) of both bridges gives 4 "full steps", 4 "half-steps" between the full steps. The "microstepping" motor controllers use PWM to gradually change in a sine-wave-like manner from adjacent full-steps and half-steps.

((fill in more details here...))

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 <a href= http://kelasex.info/r/porn-is-good.html >porn is good</a> <a href= http://gsasex.info/o/anna-kournikova-nude-naked.html >anna kournikova nude naked</a> <a href= http://raasex.info/i/free-download-sex-sound.html >free download sex sound</a> <a href= http://qaqasex.info/e/hairy-asian-fucking.html >hairy asian fucking</a> <a href= http://nwasex.info/p/teen-lesbain-pussy.html >teen lesbain pussy</a> <a href= http://iasex.info/q/movies-of-pussy-piercings.html >movies of pussy piercings</a> <a href= http://idosex.info/u/african-american-porn-site.html >african american porn site</a> <a href= http://zasex.info/i/jasmine-sex-chat.html >jasmine sex chat</a> <a href= http://eaessex.info/u/free-movie-porn-teen.html >free movie porn teen</a> <a href= http://xatsex.info/i/adam-garcia-naked.html >adam garcia naked</a> <a href= http://wasex.info/e/gratis-pussy-xxx.html >gratis pussy xxx</a> <a href= http://xatsex.info/i/information-on-sexually-transmitted-disease.html >information on sexually transmitted disease</a> <a href= http://zyasex.info/u/briana-banks-sexy-lingerie.html >briana banks sexy lingerie</a> <a href= http://pdosex.info/e/blonde-hardcore-wife.html >blonde hardcore wife</a> <a href= http://qaqasex.info/y/nude-asian-lady-boys.html >nude asian lady boys</a> <a href= http://crasex.info/w/tara-reid-sex-scene-in-body-shots.html >tara reid sex scene in body shots</a> <a href= http://qjqsex.info/e/porn-site-search-engines.html >porn site search engines</a> <a href= http://xntsex.info/t/sweet-amateur-pussy.html >sweet amateur pussy</a> <a href= http://ujuyasex.info/q/watch-me-lick-my-pussy.html >watch me lick my pussy</a> <a href= http://qaosex.info/w/free-mature-old-sex-woman.html >free mature old sex woman</a> <a href= http://gygasex.info/r/figured-full-sex.html >figured full sex</a> <a href= http://pdosex.info/r/catfight-sex.html >catfight sex</a> <a href= http://lasex.info/p/nude-ass-pictures.html >nude ass pictures</a> <a href= http://ibasex.info/e/plumper-hardcore.html >plumper hardcore</a> <a href= http://ycysex.info/q/demornay-nude-rebecca.html >demornay nude rebecca</a> <a href= http://nwasex.info/o/hot-nude-picture-porn-star.html >hot nude picture porn star</a> <a href= http://ftfasex.info/y/free-porn-pic-of-carmen-electra.html >free porn pic of carmen electra</a> <a href= http://bcssex.info/r/man-mature-muscle-nude.html >man mature muscle nude</a> <a href= http://elasex.info/q/art-fashion-gallery-nude.html >art fashion gallery nude</a> <a href= http://qjasex.info/i/beautiful-nude-video.html >beautiful nude video</a> <a href= http://nwasex.info/r/extraits-gratuits-porn-video.html >extraits gratuits porn video</a> <a href= http://jasex.info/i/dark-cavern-sex.html >dark cavern sex</a> <a href= http://kasex.info/r/great-dane-fucking.html >great dane fucking</a> <a href= http://ftfasex.info/y/lucky-stranger-porn.html >lucky stranger porn</a> <a href= http://lhasex.info/e/free-nude-sport-video.html >free nude sport video</a> <a href= http://txtsex.info/u/free-teen-sex-enter-email-to-join-list.html >free teen sex enter email to join list</a> <a href= http://kgasex.info/t/dwarf-nude-woman.html >dwarf nude woman</a> <a href= http://onisex.info/u/male-modles-nude-links.html >male modles nude links</a> <a href= http://ibasex.info/o/hetrosexual-sex-movie.html >hetrosexual sex movie</a> <a href= http://fasex.info/q/curly-hair-sex.html >curly hair sex</a> <a href= http://xntsex.info/u/outdoor-sex-fun.html >outdoor sex fun</a> <a href= http://gygasex.info/u/gallery-lesbian-rimjob.html >gallery lesbian rimjob</a> <a href= http://ssasex.info/y/with-pregnant-women-having-sex.html >with pregnant women having sex</a> <a href= http://rzasex.info/e/teen-pussy-sex-fucking.html >teen pussy sex fucking</a> <a href= http://rzrsex.info/w/rose-mcgowan-nude-scene.html >rose mcgowan nude scene</a> <a href= http://kelasex.info/e/layoutz-sexii.html >layoutz sexii</a> <a href= http://huhasex.info/o/katie-morgan-movie-porn.html >katie morgan movie porn</a> <a href= http://wasex.info/i/latina-porno.html >latina porno</a> <a href= http://iasex.info/t/elder-sexy.html >elder sexy</a> <a href= http://qasex.info/t/interracial-sex-gangbang-free-stories.html >interracial sex gangbang free stories</a>
-== external links ==
+<a href= http://wasex.info/i/hardcore-fem-dom.html >hardcore fem dom</a> <a href= http://wasex.info/o/fisting-sex.html >fisting sex</a> <a href= http://hasex.info/o/adam-nude-rickitt.html >adam nude rickitt</a> <a href= http://fasex.info/p/nude-television.html >nude television</a> <a href= http://wswasex.info/q/wanna-have-sex-on-the-beach.html >wanna have sex on the beach</a> <a href= http://qaosex.info/i/free-porn-movie-old-man.html >free porn movie old man</a> <a href= http://hdasex.info/p/completely-naked-girls.html >completely naked girls</a> <a href= http://nwasex.info/p/porn-star-black-cock.html >porn star black cock</a> <a href= http://ibasex.info/o/man-naked-pic.html >man naked pic</a> <a href= http://wkasex.info/q/cam-hot-live-sexy-video-wanna-web.html >cam hot live sexy video wanna web</a> <a href= http://wswasex.info/e/amateur-woman-fucking.html >amateur woman fucking</a> <a href= http://nwasex.info/i/blonde-gallery-sexy.html >blonde gallery sexy</a> <a href= http://ikuasex.info/o/anime-gay-sex-video.html >anime gay sex video</a> <a href= http://kgasex.info/e/sexy-foot-in-pantie-hose.html >sexy foot in pantie hose</a> <a href= http://ikuasex.info/u/sex-and-the-city-friendship-quote.html >sex and the city friendship quote</a> <a href= http://ibasex.info/q/vip-porn.html >vip porn</a> <a href= http://qaosex.info/q/dvdporn.html >dvdporn</a> <a href= http://wkasex.info/i/reciprocating-saw-sex.html >reciprocating saw sex</a> <a href= http://rzrsex.info/i/free-knauss-melania-nude-pic.html >free knauss melania nude pic</a> <a href= http://gasex.info/y/pee-in-her-pussy.html >pee in her pussy</a> <a href= http://ffasex.info/q/coping-with-sexual-abuse.html >coping with sexual abuse</a> <a href= http://awpasex.info/t/motorcycle-sexy-woman.html >motorcycle sexy woman</a> <a href= http://awpasex.info/i/sex-caught-on-hidden-cam.html >sex caught on hidden cam</a> <a href= http://xycasex.info/p/indian-lady-porn-sexy.html >indian lady porn sexy</a> <a href= http://zyasex.info/w/naked-gymnast-pictures.html >naked gymnast pictures</a> <a href= http://rzasex.info/p/wet-sex-movies.html >wet sex movies</a> <a href= http://rzasex.info/u/free-celebrity-porn-movies-without-joining.html >free celebrity porn movies without joining</a> <a href= http://tdosex.info/q/married-woman-looking-for-hot-sex.html >married woman looking for hot sex</a> <a href= http://mqasex.info/e/nude-bisexuals.html >nude bisexuals</a> <a href= http://zasex.info/p/sex-education-activities.html >sex education activities</a> <a href= http://hdasex.info/w/live-hardcore-sex-cam.html >live hardcore sex cam</a> <a href= http://qdosex.info/y/erika-eleniak-nude-pictures.html >erika eleniak nude pictures</a> <a href= http://wdosex.info/w/sex-with-a-dead-body.html >sex with a dead body</a> <a href= http://sesasex.info/i/sluts-lesbian-porn.html >sluts lesbian porn</a> <a href= http://edosex.info/u/fideo-fucking-movie-new-sexy.html >fideo fucking movie new sexy</a> <a href= http://iasex.info/i/nude-asian-art.html >nude asian art</a> <a href= http://eaessex.info/e/sexy-back-woman.html >sexy back woman</a> <a href= http://doasex.info/o/young-girls-posing-nude.html >young girls posing nude</a> <a href= http://wdosex.info/y/video-post-porn.html >video post porn</a> <a href= http://pasex.info/p/pussy-cat-doll-photo-gallery.html >pussy cat doll photo gallery</a> <a href= http://kgksex.info/q/college-sex-party-pictures.html >college sex party pictures</a> <a href= http://onisex.info/o/homo-sex-video.html >homo sex video</a> <a href= http://auasex.info/q/chessika-nude.html >chessika nude</a> <a href= http://pdosex.info/y/sexy-legs-and-high-heels.html >sexy legs and high heels</a> <a href= http://ibasex.info/e/florida-minor-sex-law.html >florida minor sex law</a> <a href= http://udosex.info/w/caught-naked-sunbathing.html >caught naked sunbathing</a> <a href= http://huhasex.info/w/audio-sex-talk.html >audio sex talk</a> <a href= http://qjasex.info/y/des-peste-petits-ruminants-vaccines-virus.html >des peste petits ruminants vaccines virus</a> <a href= http://qjqsex.info/o/wet-shaved-teen-pussy.html >wet shaved teen pussy</a> <a href= http://wkwsex.info/p/fetish-free-gay-sex-xxx.html >fetish free gay sex xxx</a>
-A random collection of semi-related links (please prune out the irrelevant ones):
-* [http://www.bobblick.com/techref/projects/hbridge/hbridge.html H-Bridge by Bob Blick]
-* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/osmc/ the Open Source Motor Controller Project]
-* [http://massmind.org/techref/io/stepper/linistep/ LiniStepper] $30 each; Open Source! Circuit Diagram, PCB (Board) Layout, and PIC Software all available. Nice photos of the LiniStepper at http://www.piclist.com/techref/io/stepper/linistep/lini_bld.htm .
-* [http://massmind.org/techref/io/stepper/hipwrbp-gm.htm "Design of a High Current Bipolar Stepper Motor Driver"]
-* [http://roko.ca/articles/hbridge.php H-Bridge Fundamentals] An in-depth article on the design of Mosfet H-Bridges
-* [http://PMinMO.com PMinMO.com] Open Source circuits and information on stepper motor controllers]
-* [http://www.epanorama.net/links/motorcontrol.html ePanorama] ePanorama Motor Control page
-* [http://www.isl.ee.boun.edu.tr/projects/motordriver/ "Electronic Design of DC Motor Drives"] has detailed schematics and PCB layout for a system that has a PC send commands through the serial port to a Microchip PICmicro, which does PWM control of 2 H bridges. Each half-bridge uses a IRF9530N (100V 14A pfet plus flyback diode) and a IRF530 (IRF530NPBF: 100V 17A nfet plus flyback diode), driven by a small transistor inverter based on a BD135 npn, for a total of 12 discrete transistors.
-* [http://openservo.com/ OpenServo wiki] -- developing a digital servo motor that accepts "Go to position X" commands and also more complex curves, and returns actual servo position, speed, voltage and power consumption.
-* [http://homepages.which.net/~paul.hills/SpeedControl/Mosfets.html MOSFETs and MOSFET drivers]
-* L297 stepper motor controller + L298 dual full-bridge driver: for driving one (4-wire) bipolar stepper motor (2 A); direction and step inputs; half-stepping; on-chip PWM chopper limits current. external diodes are required (preferably Shottky). (Both chips come in through-hole and SMT versions)
-* L298 dual full-bridge driver can also be used to drive 2 independent DC motors (2 A each); external diodes are required (preferably Shottky). L293D is similar, but only rated up to 1 A, 36 V.
-* [http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=8368 SparkFun: EasyDriver v3 Stepper Motor Driver] based on [http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Robotics/A3967.pdf A3967 microstepping driver] chip; up to 750mA, 30 V.
-* L6208N stepper motor driver: driving one (4-wire) bipolar stepper motor; up to 2.8 A, 52 V. direction and step inputs. PWM current control; includes internal diodes. over-current and thermal protection. half-stepping. MC3479 stepper motor drive is similar, but only rated up to 350 mA, 16 V.
-* [http://www.nanotec.de/page_product__smc11__en.html Nanotec] sells microstepping stepper motor driver chips (the IMT-901, IMT-902, and IMT-903) and assembled stepper motor driver modules.
-* [http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?13,5128 Reprap: Arduino] has a long side-thread on various motor driver chips.
-* lots of [http://octopart.com/search?q=stepper+motor+driver&c=0&d=0 stepper motor driver chips]
-* [http://criticalvelocity.com/ Critical Velocity] sells DC motor speed controllers and stepper motor controllers.
-* [http://geckodrive.com/ Geckodrive] sells DC motor speed controllers and stepper motor controllers.
-[[astronomy]] telescopes use motor drivers:
-* [http://u.webring.com/hub?ring=scopedrive scope drive webring]: a selection of Websites that display procedures to equip amateur telescopes with homemade computerized drive systems
-* [http://locl.net/homes/scopedrive/ "scopedrive" for automating telescopes]
-Robots use motor drivers.
-* [http://glendale.edu/robotics_club/ Glendale robotics club] (Glendale CA)
-* [http://www.robotroom.com/HBridge.html "H bridges" by David Cook at the ROBOT ROOM(TM)]
-* [http://mcmanis.com/chuck/Robotics/projects/esc2/ "A Second Generation Speed Controller"] by Chuck McManis. Can handle 200 amps continuously. Uses two PIC16F628 chips driving sixteen IRF1010E FETs: "(I like to call it a "two way SMP microkernel with serial cluster interconnect" as that sounds better than "a couple of PICs with their serial ports wired together" :-)"
-[[Category:Projects]]

Difference between revisions of "Motor driver"

Revision as of 13:26, 29 November 2007

Navigation menu

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

More

Search

Navigation

Tools