http://www.opencircuits.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=217.172.56.174&feedformat=atomOpenCircuits - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T11:35:47ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.34.2http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=Photoetching&diff=12397Photoetching2007-12-28T09:45:04Z<p>217.172.56.174: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://jaclynfinkbeine.ifrance.com/wiki/process-could-not.html process could not] [http://rosariatsao.freehostia.com/library/catatonia.html catatonia international velvet] [http://robinsherron.ifrance.com/data/myscene-barbie.html myscene barbie com] [http://robinsherron.ifrance.com/data/fiesta-readers.html fiesta readers wives] [http://burmahentz.ifrance.com/resources/angelina-and.html angelina baby brad jolie picture pitt] [http://shusipes.ifrance.com/wiki/alcohol-and-anti.html alcohol and anti depressants] [http://johnnywinbush.ifrance.com/small/laroche-college.html laroche college pittsburgh] [http://lisabethcarrara.ifrance.com/lib/electoral-districts.html electoral districts wa] [http://kaylenelaflamme.ifrance.com/view/swing-for-dollars.html swing for dollars] [http://roselleeisenber.talk4fun.net/ashlee-cum.html ashlee cum] [http://robinsherron.ifrance.com/data/ceramic-magnet.html ceramic magnet] [http://johnnywinbush.ifrance.com/small/yorkies.html cheap teacup yorkies for sale] [http://gerdaguerrera.freehostia.com/web/slave-humiliation.html slave humiliation punishments] [http://erminiabroomfie.talk4fun.net/directory/boston-common.html ritz carlton boston common] [http://bonnieproffitt.w8w.pl/styles/contagious.html croup contagious] [http://rolandepolitte.free-site-host.com/text/school-logo-ideas.html school logo ideas] [http://leiatynan.w8w.pl/articles/corporate-credit.html corporate credit card] [http://roselleeisenber.talk4fun.net/winbond-hardware.html winbond hardware monitor download] [http://starrerdman.freehostia.com/lib/sleeping-baby.html co sleeping with baby] [http://shusipes.ifrance.com/wiki/shqip-window-xp.html shqip window xp] [http://starrerdman.freehostia.com/lib/ecstazy.html ecstazy pussy qidua.info rompl site] [http://gerdaguerrera.freehostia.com/web/dixie-chicks.html dixie chicks] [http://erinoceguera.ifrance.com/topic/invest-in-iraq.html invest in iraq] [http://shusipes.ifrance.com/wiki/bernina.html artista bernina] [http://eboniedanek.free-site-host.com/money-talks-2.html money talks 2] [http://doreenhiller.ifrance.com/lib/music-education.html music education] [http://gerdaguerrera.freehostia.com/web/north-carolina-career.html north carolina career fairs] [http://kaylenelaflamme.ifrance.com/view/rice-crispy-treats.html rice crispy treats] [http://mindyfredrickso.w8w.pl/west-wings-charleston.html west wings charleston sc] [http://lisabethcarrara.ifrance.com/lib/avi-mpeg-rm-wmv.html avi mpeg rm wmv joiner 4.81 key] [http://dararousey.ifrance.com/article/long-time-coming.html long time coming song lyrics] [http://erminiabroomfie.talk4fun.net/directory/information-practice.html information practice principle security security] [http://patriadossett.freehostia.com/phat-cars.html accessory baby car phat] [http://roselleeisenber.talk4fun.net/shawshank-redemption.html shawshank redemption dvd] [http://marilouwillson.ifrance.com/biscotti.html baby biscotti] [http://dallashultgren.ifrance.com/holiday-mp3.html holiday mp3] [http://robinsherron.ifrance.com/data/pakka.html pakka gallery] [http://patriadossett.freehostia.com/self-regulated.html self regulated learning] [http://shusipes.ifrance.com/wiki/uss-missouri.html uss missouri] [http://marybellewestla.w8w.pl/lib/fort-worth-star.html fort worth star telegram] [http://mindyfredrickso.w8w.pl/beegees.html bee gees video] [http://johnnywinbush.ifrance.com/small/weight-conversions.html weight conversions] [http://bonnieproffitt.w8w.pl/styles/better-search.html better engine rank search site web] [http://jaclynfinkbeine.ifrance.com/wiki/patcham-house-school.html patcham house school brighton] [http://orahennis.ifrance.com/description/somehow-find-that.html somehow find that you and i] [http://jacquelynndesro.talk4fun.net/cartoon-horse.html cartoon horse] [http://dustisimmon.ifrance.com/description/plateau-speaker.html plateau speaker stands toronto] [http://paulettelynde.freehostia.com/doxycycline.html doxycycline effects medication side] [http://kristianspeck.w8w.pl/hippie-culture.html hippie culture] [http://dararousey.ifrance.com/article/spybot-search-and.html spybot search and destroy 1.5] [http://missylineberry.ifrance.com/styles/need-for-speed.html most need speed trainer wanted] [http://leiatynan.w8w.pl/articles/free-self-sucking.html free self sucking techniques] [http://lisabethcarrara.ifrance.com/lib/shermans-lagoon.html shermans lagoon] [http://erminiabroomfie.talk4fun.net/directory/wholesale-costume.html wholesale costume jewlery] [http://rolandepolitte.free-site-host.com/text/prom-theme-fountain.html prom theme fountain of wayne] [http://marybethcramer.ifrance.com/smack-down.html smack down] [http://rolandepolitte.free-site-host.com/text/converge.html advertising converge entertainment industry madison must survive vine why] [http://rolandepolitte.free-site-host.com/text/real-estate-maps.html estate florida map real] [http://burmahentz.ifrance.com/resources/nicole-deboer.html nicole deboer] [http://starrerdman.freehostia.com/lib/used-car-values.html best car used value] [http://kristianspeck.w8w.pl/nubile-women.html young nubile woman] [http://erinoceguera.ifrance.com/topic/accounting-item.html accounting item line] [http://delaineresto.ifrance.com/pages/types-of-sediments.html types of sediments] [http://bonnieproffitt.w8w.pl/styles/free-cartoon.html free cartoon network hentai] [http://roselleeisenber.talk4fun.net/latvia.html latvia] [http://lisabethcarrara.ifrance.com/lib/medyczny-slownik.html medyczny slownik polsko angielski] [http://dararousey.ifrance.com/article/tessellation-puzzle.html tessellation puzzle] [http://nikkideck.ifrance.com/wwwjcpennycom.html www.jcpenny.com] [http://dustisimmon.ifrance.com/description/ride-the-wings-of.html ride the wings of pestilence] [http://roselleeisenber.talk4fun.net/free-strip-games.html free strip games] [http://missylineberry.ifrance.com/styles/maltese-cross-pumpkin.html maltese cross pumpkin] [http://doreenhiller.ifrance.com/lib/prednisone-side.html prednisone side effect] [http://patriadossett.freehostia.com/sexy-threesome.html sexy threesome] [http://delaineresto.ifrance.com/pages/strap-on-humiliation.html strap on humiliation] [http://shayzeller.w8w.pl/wiki/photo-editing.html photo editing] [http://dararousey.ifrance.com/article/iptu-recadastramento.html iptu recadastramento] [http://leiatynan.w8w.pl/articles/saw-mill-plan.html chain saw mill plan] [http://bonnieproffitt.w8w.pl/styles/dodge-power-wagon.html dodge power wagon] [http://marybethcramer.ifrance.com/a-womans-prayer.html a womans call to prayer] [http://lisabethcarrara.ifrance.com/lib/facilitation-technology.html facilitation technology] [http://eboniedanek.free-site-host.com/corporate-entertainment.html corporate entertainment] [http://patriadossett.freehostia.com/kingman-paintball.html kingman paintball] [http://rolandepolitte.free-site-host.com/text/horse.html horse] [http://robinsherron.ifrance.com/data/transperth.html transperth] [http://jamicarbaugh.ifrance.com/description/lyrics-to-incubus.html lyrics to incubus i miss you] [http://vandapriestley.w8w.pl/description/tied-tickled-feet.html tied tickled feet] [http://shusipes.ifrance.com/wiki/lanoline-oil.html lanoline oil] [http://lisabethcarrara.ifrance.com/lib/the-guy-game-com.html the guy game com] [http://nikkideck.ifrance.com/tom-dever.html tom dever] [http://marybethcramer.ifrance.com/exercise-to-do.html after bypass exercise heart surgery] [http://erinoceguera.ifrance.com/topic/the-capital-of-uganda.html capital of uganda] [http://patriadossett.freehostia.com/video-deposition.html video deposition equipment] [http://robinsherron.ifrance.com/data/ac360.html ac360] [http://doreenhiller.ifrance.com/lib/hmo.html hmo blue] [http://johnnywinbush.ifrance.com/small/car-deal-rental.html car deal rental] [http://shayzeller.w8w.pl/wiki/print-sheet.html print sheet music free] [http://burmahentz.ifrance.com/resources/sketch-gallery-restaurant.html sketch gallery restaurant] [http://lindyschwandt.w8w.pl/articles/chinese-symbol.html chinese symbol translation] [http://vandapriestley.w8w.pl/description/billy-joel-mp3.html billy joel life mp3] [http://shayzeller.w8w.pl/wiki/battle-royale.html 9 battle royale vol] [http://jamicarbaugh.ifrance.com/description/single-women-seeking.html single women seeking marriage] [http://delaineresto.ifrance.com/pages/verble-communication.html verble communication] [http://orahennis.ifrance.com/description/scythe.html scythe] [http://orahennis.ifrance.com/description/growth.html growth] [http://kaylenelaflamme.ifrance.com/view/internet-faxing.html internet fax] [http://dustisimmon.ifrance.com/description/cheap-metronidazole.html cheap metronidazole] [http://paulettelynde.freehostia.com/wigwam.html wigwam sock] [http://shayzeller.w8w.pl/wiki/pathfinder-accessories.html 2006 accessory nissan pathfinder] [http://gerdaguerrera.freehostia.com/web/hp-4100-repair.html hp 4100 repair sunnyvale] [http://rosariatsao.freehostia.com/library/fattest-man-alive.html fattest man alive] [http://marylnaybar.w8w.pl/web/groping.html groping] [http://nikkideck.ifrance.com/educational.html educational technology] [http://orahennis.ifrance.com/description/wall-fountain.html wall fountain] [http://shayzeller.w8w.pl/wiki/memorial-day-art.html memorial day art] [http://robinsherron.ifrance.com/data/psr-3000-price.html psr 3000 price] [http://eboniedanek.free-site-host.com/sog-martini.html sog martini] [http://burmahentz.ifrance.com/resources/adams-song-piano.html adams song piano sheet music] [http://paulettelynde.freehostia.com/subaru-wrx.html subaru wrx] [http://jacquelynndesro.talk4fun.net/engine-optimization.html search engine optimization and seo services] [http://brittcrisler.talk4fun.net/aeg-airsoft-g3a3.html aeg airsoft g3a3] [http://rolandepolitte.free-site-host.com/text/submit-your-web.html submit your web site single dating] [http://nikkideck.ifrance.com/worlds-wildest.html police video wildest world] [http://johnnywinbush.ifrance.com/small/love-mp3-tamil.html love mp3 tamil] [http://marybethcramer.ifrance.com/weave-hairstyles.html weave hairstyles pictures] [http://jaclynfinkbeine.ifrance.com/wiki/auto-insurance.html auto insurance online] [http://marybellewestla.w8w.pl/lib/tank-less-water.html heater hot less tank water] [http://kaylenelaflamme.ifrance.com/view/centipedes.html centipede seed] [http://shusipes.ifrance.com/wiki/amish-church-publications.html amish church publications] [http://missylineberry.ifrance.com/styles/24-hours-open.html 24 hours open store] [http://kaylenelaflamme.ifrance.com/view/discount-wedding.html discount gown vera wang wedding] [http://delaineresto.ifrance.com/pages/knee-support.html knee support pillow] [http://kristianspeck.w8w.pl/casual-wedding.html casual wedding invitations] [http://gerdaguerrera.freehostia.com/web/flexible-woman.html flexible woman legs head] [http://eboniedanek.free-site-host.com/aussie-hunks.html aussie hunks] [http://rosariatsao.freehostia.com/library/kakashi.html kakashi] [http://nikkideck.ifrance.com/pest-control-cost.html pest control cost] [http://lucillalinton.free-site-host.com/nikki-jackson.html hardcore jackson nikki] [http://delaineresto.ifrance.com/pages/pro-hormones.html pro hormones vs. anabolic steroids] [http://manmaday.free-site-host.com/styles/ivory-billed.html in search of the ivory billed woodpecker] [http://starrerdman.freehostia.com/lib/motorcycle-loan.html motorcycle loan after bankruptcy] [http://burmahentz.ifrance.com/resources/queen-of-the-damned.html queen of the damned] [http://leiatynan.w8w.pl/articles/ayrton-senna.html ayrton da senna silva] [http://vandapriestley.w8w.pl/description/free-school-girls.html free school girls] [http://eboniedanek.free-site-host.com/in-package-singapore.html agent package singapore tour travel] [http://jacquelynndesro.talk4fun.net/teaching-methods.html teaching methods] [http://kaylenelaflamme.ifrance.com/view/bodybulding-pictures.html arnold body building picture] [http://shusipes.ifrance.com/wiki/97-toyota-corrolla.html 97 toyota corrolla] [http://dallashultgren.ifrance.com/stephanie-swift.html stephanie swift video clip] [http://leiatynan.w8w.pl/articles/katie-jordan.html katie jordan] [http://manmaday.free-site-host.com/styles/pet-supermarket.html pet product supermarket] == Negative Film ==<br />
<br />
Printed Circuit Boards<br />
I start with a hand drawn schematic. The schematic is then prototyped on a breadboard (prototype board). Breadboarding provides a test platform for circuit designs. If the circuit fails testing, then recommendations for improvements are made and the schematic is updated. Once a circuit is thoroughly tested and proven reliable then the circuit is entered into a CAD package for electronic storing, editing and printing.<br />
<br />
A CAD software package was used to design the printed circuit board (PCB) layouts. The layouts are printed onto transparencies for the photo-fabrication process. The program chosen to design the layouts was Protel Advanced PCB version 2.8. The layouts are designed manually from the schematics. Protel allows the creation of a custom library of components. The CAD library consists of all the components used and their corresponding footprints. Each component in a schematic has a footprint. The footprint is the compilation of the dimensions and pin configurations of a component. The library components are designed with the aid of precision digital vernier calipers. Once a component is created in the library it can be placed in a design and traces routed to it. <br />
<br />
The PCBs were made using a positive photo-fabrication process. This process is capable of producing high resolution, quality prototype boards. The PCB material used is a presensitized copper clad board. The boards are 1/16-inch single sided, fiberglass laminate with 1-ounce copper. Before exposing the boards I cut them to the desired dimensions.<br />
<br />
Exposing the boards must take place in a darkroom since the boards are photosensitive. The presensitized copper clad boards are covered with a protective plastic laminate. Beneath the protective laminate is the resist coating over the copper. The protective laminate is removed before placing the transparency with the layout design onto the resist coating of the board. The board is then exposed for 5 minutes under a ultra-violet exposure lamp. <br />
<br />
After being exposed the board is developed using the developing solution. The developing solution removes the resist coating that was exposed to UV light, exposing areas of copper. The resist coating remains over the copper areas protected by the layout design on the transparency.<br />
<br />
The exposed copper is etched in a bubble-etching tank using Ammonium Persulfate solution. The Ammonium Persulfate ions have an affinity for copper and thus etch the exposed copper off the board, leaving the layout design protected by the resist coating. <br />
<br />
The components used for the design are thru-hole and thus require holes to be drilled in the PCB for placement. The holes are drilled using carbide bits. Carbide bits are required to drill through the fiberglass laminate. Regular bits are not durable enough and wear out too quickly.<br />
<br />
<br />
Populating the boards consists of placing the components corresponding to the bill of materials and the component silkscreen. The bill of materials provides the components part numbers and details. The silkscreen printout from the layout design provides the component location on the board. <br />
<br />
The components are soldered on starting with jumper wires, resistors and working up to ICs and larger components.<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
* [http://diypcb.googlepages.com Yet another PCB guide]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]</div>217.172.56.174http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=Passives&diff=12301Passives2007-12-26T06:17:08Z<p>217.172.56.174: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/finance.html finance] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/metastatic-oropharynx.html metastatic oropharynx pediatric tumor] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/closet-storage.html closet storage systems] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/janet-evanovich.html janet evanovich] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/data/free-ringtones-for.html free ringtones for my verizon cell phone] [http://georgieseaman.ifrance.com/small/american-idol.html american idol booted] [http://larascheid.ifrance.com/j2ee-applications.html j2ee applications and bea weblogic server] [http://anamariasavard.w8w.pl/sally-field.html sally field] [http://cheryshowman.w8w.pl/blog/zechs-noin.html zechs noin] [http://beataraasch.ifrance.com/harbor-freight.html harbor freight] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/blog/donna-lewis.html donna lewis] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/astrocom-live.html astro.com live] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/blog/most-expesive.html most expesive computer] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/data/panama-hat.html panama hat] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/blog/award-winning.html award winning hamburger recipes] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/vogue-for-men.html vogue for men] [http://anamariasavard.w8w.pl/personal-injury.html personal injury attorney] [http://georgieseaman.ifrance.com/small/dvd-r-duplication.html dvd-r duplication] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/blog/vending-machine.html vending machine business] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/utility.html utility] [http://beataraasch.ifrance.com/sex-tentacles.html sex tentacles] [http://anamariasavard.w8w.pl/bummis.html bummis] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/radio-control.html radio control boats] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/dining-guide.html dining guide] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/tonneau-cover.html tonneau cover] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/remove-temporary.html remove temporary files windows xp] [http://tanyahale.w8w.pl/blog/senegal.html senegal] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/troop.html troop] [http://devorasievert.w8w.pl/evo-8.html evo 8] [http://beataraasch.ifrance.com/qsc.html qsc] [http://devorasievert.w8w.pl/zlaten-lev.html zlaten lev] [http://ingeborgmace.ifrance.com/peri-gilpin.html peri gilpin] [http://anamariasavard.w8w.pl/inspirational-friend.html inspirational friend quotes] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/toyota-tacomas.html toyota tacomas] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/data/tagged-ftp.html tagged ftp] [http://lulawork.w8w.pl/article/archangels-michael.html archangels michael gabriel] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/illinois-state-lottery.html illinois state lottery] [http://larascheid.ifrance.com/proform-spa.html proform spa] [http://anamariasavard.w8w.pl/10-2004-bill-dollar.html 10 2004 bill dollar] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/blog/motorola-ring.html motorola ring tones] [http://tanyahale.w8w.pl/blog/vocal-effects-software.html vocal effects software] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/moissanite.html moissanite] [http://desiraeuren.ifrance.com/pages/wv-counties-map.html wv counties map] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/russian-sexy-lady.html russian sexy lady] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/road-bicycles.html road bicycles] [http://lulawork.w8w.pl/article/natalie-portman.html natalie portman closer gallery] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/trailer-park.html trailer park whores] [http://georgieseaman.ifrance.com/small/lightening-break.html lightening break] [http://marissaalbro.ifrance.com/world-atlas.html world atlas] [http://tanyahale.w8w.pl/blog/queen-killer.html queen killer queen] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/jrs-express.html jrs express] [http://betsyharwood.w8w.pl/soccer-jersey.html soccer jersey] [http://beataraasch.ifrance.com/star-furniture.html star furniture] [http://georgieseaman.ifrance.com/small/famous-circumcised.html famous circumcised men] [http://anamariasavard.w8w.pl/echinaforce.html echinaforce] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/data/laura-zang.html laura zang] [http://marissaalbro.ifrance.com/art-clip-football.html art clip football picture] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/blog/cold-sore.html cold sore] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/rainbow-fish.html rainbow fish] [http://beataraasch.ifrance.com/schoolies-2004.html schoolies 2004 pics] [http://tanyahale.w8w.pl/blog/arthurian-legend.html arthurian legend characters] [http://betsyharwood.w8w.pl/terracon-consultants.html terracon consultants inc] [http://ingeborgmace.ifrance.com/girls-white-panties.html girls white panties] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/mary-mackillop.html mary mackillop college kensington] [http://tanyahale.w8w.pl/blog/washington-state.html washington state dept of labor] [http://desiraeuren.ifrance.com/pages/free-boost-ringtone.html free boost ringtone] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/x-men-3-sentinel.html x men 3 sentinel] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/create-a-pimp.html create a pimp ride] [http://devorasievert.w8w.pl/hollywood-homes.html hollywood homes] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/data/mudslide-applebees.html mudslide applebees] [http://lulawork.w8w.pl/article/strippers-gay.html strippers gay gallery] [http://marissaalbro.ifrance.com/life-insurance-quote.html life insurance quote] [http://marissaalbro.ifrance.com/texas-condo-rental.html texas condo rental] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/fedex-field.html fedex field] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/shrug.html shrug] [http://devorasievert.w8w.pl/live-stong-band.html live stong band] [http://desiraeuren.ifrance.com/pages/showing-off-the.html showing off the goods] [http://tanyahale.w8w.pl/blog/university-of.html university of hawaii graduate studies] [http://ingeborgmace.ifrance.com/working-hours.html working hours regulations uk] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/blow-me-bitch.html blow me bitch] [http://betsyharwood.w8w.pl/panet.html panet] [http://lulawork.w8w.pl/article/san-fransisco.html san fransisco red book massage] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/skin-burns.html skin burns] [http://georgieseaman.ifrance.com/small/inertial-reference.html inertial reference unit] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/blog/seneca-county.html seneca county juvenile court judge] [http://cheryshowman.w8w.pl/blog/gametrailerscom.html gametrailers.com] [http://tanyahale.w8w.pl/blog/grand-theft.html grand theft auto 3] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/muppets.html muppets] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/johnsons-motor.html johnsons motor car] [http://larascheid.ifrance.com/microsoft-gamezone.html microsoft gamezone] [http://anamariasavard.w8w.pl/idea-for-home-based.html idea for home-based business] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/data/strong-bad.html strong bad] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/car-polish.html car polish] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/silversea.html silversea] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/private-medical.html private medical insurance] [http://larascheid.ifrance.com/english-bulldog.html english bulldog skin] [http://ingeborgmace.ifrance.com/peter-gadet.html peter gadet] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/terry-richardson.html terry richardson] [http://betsyharwood.w8w.pl/poem-from-daughter.html poem from daughter to mom] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/2-chinese-new-year.html 2 chinese new year] [http://desiraeuren.ifrance.com/pages/micro-mini-dress.html micro mini dress] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/stupid-looking.html stupid looking people] [http://betsyharwood.w8w.pl/alberta-equipment.html alberta equipment fire] [http://marissaalbro.ifrance.com/amsoil-motorcycle.html amsoil motorcycle oil] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/access-npc.html access npc] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/rock103com.html rock103.com] [http://beataraasch.ifrance.com/automated-kelly.html automated kelly services] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/2006-crown-victoria.html 2006 crown victoria] [http://cheryshowman.w8w.pl/blog/mosquito-control.html mosquito control spry system] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/remax-realty-vancouver.html remax realty vancouver bc] [http://ingeborgmace.ifrance.com/pines-of-rome.html pines of rome listen] [http://georgieseaman.ifrance.com/small/msi-error-code.html msi error code 1601] [http://devorasievert.w8w.pl/lolita-boys-caught.html lolita boys caught in the shower] [http://cheryshowman.w8w.pl/blog/picture-of-leukemia.html picture of leukemia] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/estractor-lite-14.html estractor lite 1.4] [http://georgieseaman.ifrance.com/small/eds-treme.html eds treme] [http://desiraeuren.ifrance.com/pages/yorkies-for.html yorkies for sale] [http://cheryshowman.w8w.pl/blog/picture-of-cloud.html picture of cloud and tifa] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/sweater.html sweater] [http://marissaalbro.ifrance.com/vente-groupe.html vente groupe electrogene] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/earache-cold.html earache cold] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/rob-lowe.html rob lowe] [http://larascheid.ifrance.com/south-park-episode.html south park episode scripts] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/cancer-horoscope.html cancer horoscope] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/model-candice.html model candice michelle] [http://tanyahale.w8w.pl/blog/ttcm-china-inc.html ttcm china inc.] [http://guadalupemcquad.ifrance.com/html/paint-creek-nursery.html paint creek nursery] [http://cheryshowman.w8w.pl/blog/southwest-florida.html southwest florida real estate] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/tatooes.html tatooes] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/kazaa-anime-skins.html kazaa anime skins] [http://georgieseaman.ifrance.com/small/egg-casserole.html egg casserole dish] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/data/rusian-brides.html rusian brides] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/blog/ashlee-simpson.html ashlee simpson better off lyrics] [http://desiraeuren.ifrance.com/pages/justin-timberlake.html justin timberlake images] [http://danimcreynolds.ifrance.com/web/machine-tool.html machine tool] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/southwest-florida.html southwest florida real estate] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/data/tourmaline.html tourmaline] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/best-gas-grills.html best gas grills] [http://beataraasch.ifrance.com/armenian-recipe.html armenian recipe] [http://tanyahale.w8w.pl/blog/ana-nicole-smith.html ana nicole smith] [http://lulawork.w8w.pl/article/naked-model-posing.html naked model posing] [http://georgieseaman.ifrance.com/small/easy-graphics-file.html easy graphics file converter crack] [http://tonitasmythe.ifrance.com/small/keene-movie-cinemas.html keene movie cinemas] [http://beataraasch.ifrance.com/joe-jacoby-warrenton.html joe jacoby warrenton] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/basketball-betting.html basketball betting line] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/autodock-tools.html autodock tools manual] [http://lucillacarreno.ifrance.com/article/unit-studies.html unit studies] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/blog/legal-aid-rates.html legal aid rates] [http://desiraeuren.ifrance.com/pages/free-linux.html free linux] [http://cheryshowman.w8w.pl/blog/usajobsgov.html usajobs.gov] {{stub}}<br />
== Capacitors ==<br />
Some capacitors manufactured between 1999 until today are made with bad electrolyte. Avoid these, see [[Capacitor plague]] for more info.<br />
=== Electrolytic ===<br />
==== Aluminum ====<br />
==== Tantalum ====<br />
* [[10uF Tantalum Capacitor]]<br />
=== Ceramic ===<br />
=== Film ===<br />
==== Polyester (Mylar) ====<br />
==== Polystyrene ====<br />
==== Polycarbonate ====<br />
==== Polypropylene ====<br />
==== Teflon ====<br />
=== Exotics ===<br />
==== Mica ====<br />
==== Glass ====<br />
==== Oil ====<br />
==== Vacuum ====<br />
<br />
== Inductors ==<br />
"Ferrites? I don't know much about 'em, I only use ferrites in switching regulators." --National Semiconductor's Bob Pease<br />
<br />
Can be replaced in many circumstances with an impedance inverter using only an opamp, a capacitor, and a few resistors.<br />
<br />
== Resistors ==<br />
List of standard 1% resistors. If you want 1% resistors, you must pick from this list or you will pay a fortune for the resistor, assuming you can ever get it.<br />
Interpret these numbers as the "mantissa" of the value. <br />
You can multiply the value by anything from 0.01 to about 100,000.<br />
<br />
100 102 105 107 110 113 115 118 121 124 127 130 133 137 140 143 147 150 154 158 162 165 169 174 178 182 187 191 196<br />
200 205 210 215 221 226 232 237 243 249 255 261 267 274 280 287 294 <br />
301 309 316 324 332 340 348 357 365 374 383 392 <br />
402 412 422 432 442 453 464 475 487 499 <br />
511 523 536 549 562 576 590<br />
604 619 634 649 665 681 698 <br />
715 732 750 768 787 <br />
806 825 845 866 887 <br />
909 931 953 976<br />
<br />
=== Carbon ===<br />
=== Metal Film ===<br />
=== Wire-Wound ===<br />
=== Precision ===<br />
=== Potentiometers ===<br />
[[Digital_Potentiometers]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Components]]</div>217.172.56.174http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=Toner_Transfer&diff=12265Toner Transfer2007-12-24T20:39:22Z<p>217.172.56.174: ricerbova</p>
<hr />
<div>varlib<br />
Press-and-Peel(tm), photoresist, Sharpie, nail polish...<br />
<br />
I have used this method for etching some fairly fine lines when fabricating a microstrip microwave filter using Tom Gootee's method linked to below. My two cents on this is the fact that the type of toner you use matters. In an admittedly small sample set of two different printers, the genuine HP microfine toner performed far better than the generic toner that was installed in a second printer that we tried. We used the Staple's glossy inkjet paper, and with the HP toner, it worked quite well.<br />
<br />
Also, the etching solution of 1 part muriatic acid to 2 parts hydrogen peroxide is worlds better than the ferric chloride solution as it is clear and doesn't stain everything it touches. It is also available locally (hydrogen peroxide is in every drug and grocery store, muriatic acid can be found at almost any hardware store).<br />
<br />
Thankfully, we worked in a school lab that had access to pure acetone for cleaning off the traces, so we didn't have to resort to foul-smelling nail polish. <br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
* [http://www.ceunes.ufes.br/downloads/2/sandramuller-pci_metodo_termico.pdf Tonner transfer - By Lucas Zampar Bernardi - Article in Brasilian Portuguese]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.veys.com/index.php/Making_Home-Made_Printed_Circuit_Boards Toner transfer]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.fullnet.com/u/tomg/gooteepc.htm Toner transfer - by Tom Gootee]<br />
<br />
* [http://karosium.com/index.php?/archives/26-Clean,-Simple,-Cheap-Toner-Transfer.html Clean, Simple, Cheap Toner Transfer - By Karo-sama]<br />
<br />
* [http://diycircuits.net/makepcb/pcb_making Toner transfer Using Matte Paper - by Hilary Cheng]<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]</div>217.172.56.174http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=PG31_GPS_RS232_Dev_Board&diff=12253PG31 GPS RS232 Dev Board2007-12-24T05:29:32Z<p>217.172.56.174: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://liable.portrelay.com/macromedia-flash.html macromedia flash movie downloads] [http://liable.portrelay.com/mammalian-circulatory.html mammalian circulatory system] [http://brief.portrelay.com/little-oral-annie.html little oral annie movie] [http://destin.my03.com/ramada-inn-at.html ramada inn at nag head beach] [http://slunk.almostmy.com/new/bead-jewelry-kits.html bead jewelry kits] [http://catdog20.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/abi-titmus-video.html abi titmus video] [http://skein.yourtrap.com/mil-std-810.html mil std 810] [http://devorasievert.w8w.pl/articles/newborn-guinea.html newborn guinea pig] [http://knight.portrelay.com/topic/anaconda-angela.html anaconda angela game] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/symantecstore.html symantecstore orderlookup] [http://novel.ftpserver.biz/concrete-pavers.html how to install concrete pavers] [http://devorasievert.w8w.pl/articles/rubber-band-man.html rubber band man] [http://unwise.ninth.biz/web/my-first-sex.html my first sex] [http://liable.portrelay.com/rave-party-flyer.html rave party flyer] [http://prater.dns05.com/lib/coffee-clipart.html clipart coffee free] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/mts.html mts] [http://frame.portrelay.com/steelers-super.html steelers super bowl locker room hat] [http://unroot.my03.com/data/pontchartrain-fresh.html pontchartrain fresh water] [http://avrilkdo.hostinggratisespana.com/topic/colored-contacts.html colored contacts] [http://knight.portrelay.com/topic/finder-people.html yahoo people finder] [http://erset.ddns.ms/exotic-lesbians.html exotic lesbians] [http://eloisapettit.22web.net/library/boyslux.html boyslux] [http://olesinok.hostinggratisespana.com/library/wet-her-pants.html wet her pants in class] [http://thestarsgoblue.22web.net/html/nudists-pictures.html nudists pictures] [http://unroot.my03.com/data/slaughter-family.html slaughter family] [http://slunk.almostmy.com/new/nude-codes-for-playstation.html nude codes for playstation] [http://lulawork.w8w.pl/topic/tempo.html tempo] [http://unroot.my03.com/data/drowning-pool.html drowning pool - let the bodies hit the floor] [http://novel.ftpserver.biz/teen-cutie.html cutie young teen] [http://brief.portrelay.com/tax-on-property.html tax sale property] [http://angers.my03.com/description/ministry-of-commerce.html ministry of commerce industry government of india] [http://betsyharwood.w8w.pl/resources/registered-agent.html registered agent] [http://griscool15.orgfree.com/view/fin-whale.html fin whale] [http://sleek.portrelay.com/text/utena.html utena] [http://brief.portrelay.com/18-years-old.html 18 years old] [http://knight.portrelay.com/topic/penn.html penn station] [http://frame.portrelay.com/3gp-songs-video.html 3gp songs video] [http://deonseymour.coolpage.biz/wiki/free-online.html free online sex videos] [http://brief.portrelay.com/individuals-with.html individuals with disabilities education act] [http://angers.my03.com/description/that-hurts.html that hurts] [http://annual.portrelay.com/small/7-up-candy-bars.html 7 up candy bars] [http://novel.ftpserver.biz/teen-breasts.html teen girl breast] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/home-inspection.html home inspection service] [http://anneliesechewni.22web.net/web/naked-men-masturbating.html naked men masturbating] [http://krolyaka.hostinggratisespana.com/chinese-supermodels.html chinese supermodels] [http://kanesharawlinso.coolpage.biz/small/sf-chronicle.htm sf chronicle] [http://destin.my03.com/swingset-plans.html free plan for wooden swing set] [http://anneliesechewni.22web.net/web/water-recycling.html water recycling and reuse] [http://slanj.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/runtime-errors.html runtime errors in internet explorer] [http://unroot.my03.com/data/news-gathering.html news gathering service] [http://annual.portrelay.com/small/bean-bag-game.html bag bean car disney game toss] [http://dismal.my03.com/text/quad-cities.html quad city times] [http://princeco.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/library/soapstone.html soapstone] [http://frame.portrelay.com/the-wire.html lime wire free download] [http://griscool15.orgfree.com/view/trains-germany.html trains germany map] [http://devorasievert.w8w.pl/articles/home-owner-insurance.html home owner insurance quote] [http://cover.my03.com/resources/wwwcursororg.html www.cursor.org] [http://dumbe.my03.com/directory/eyes-are-watching.html eyes god their watching] [http://shiver.myftp.info/pages/moms-sucking.html moms sucking] [http://eloisapettit.22web.net/library/throat-microphone.html throat microphone] [http://mollyschippers.w8w.pl/new/acdsee.html acdsee] [http://shammersa.orgfree.com/blog/tit-world.html tit world] [http://bated.portrelay.com/pet-containment.html wireless pet containment system] [http://ladies.dhcp.biz/masturbating-tips.html masturbating tip] [http://erset.ddns.ms/erotic-pics.html erotic picture] [http://anneliesechewni.22web.net/web/alexander-cedric.html alexander cedric] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/indianapolis.html indianapolis clarian health] [http://shammersa.orgfree.com/blog/digimon-tamers-yaoi.html digimon tamers yaoi doujinshi] [http://destin.my03.com/alovera.html aloe vera juice] [http://princeco.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/library/jingles-music-radio.html jingles music radio] [http://mails.portrelay.com/q/drpeppercom.html drpepper.com] [http://frame.portrelay.com/plate-techtonics.html plate techtonics] [http://saith.my03.com/videos-of-magic.html card magic trick video] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/knight-online.html knight online] [http://frail.xxxy.info/resources/underage-lolita.html underage lolita porn underage porn, underage pussy] [http://yearns.my03.com/wiki/architect-houston.html architect houston landscape texas] [http://brief.portrelay.com/tammy-lee.html tammy lee] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/gas-light-fixture.html gas light fixture] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/amputation.html amputation] [http://slanj.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/learn-guitar.html learn guitar easy read] [http://mails.portrelay.com/q/movie-search.html movie search site] [http://shiver.myftp.info/pages/plus-sized-clothing.html plus sized clothing] [http://dumbe.my03.com/directory/karaoke-custom.html karaoke custom disc] [http://slunk.almostmy.com/new/free-lolita.html free lolita pictures] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/steel-buildings.html steel buildings construction for church] [http://anamariasavard.w8w.pl/articles/mourning.html mourning] [http://shiver.myftp.info/pages/female-catfights.html cat fight boxing female] [http://slanj.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/pearson-canada.html pearson canada airport] [http://eloisapettit.22web.net/library/free-trial-porn.html free trial porn] [http://annual.portrelay.com/small/medalhas.html medalhas] [http://novel.ftpserver.biz/dildo-cum.html dildo cum] [http://dismal.my03.com/text/truck-floor-mates.html truck floor mates] [http://liable.portrelay.com/microsoft-xbox-360.html microsoft xbox 360 core system] [http://catdog20.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/shaman-king-downloads.html shaman king downloads] [http://cover.my03.com/resources/sr-71.html sr-71] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/sachs-bikes-usa.html sachs bikes usa] [http://chandaspalding.w8w.pl/elbaum-world.html elbaum world] [http://frail.xxxy.info/resources/diet-nutrition.html diet nutrition physique women] [http://ladies.dhcp.biz/naked-swimmer.html naked swimmer] [http://brief.portrelay.com/rough-crossing.html rough crossing tom stoppard review] [http://anneliesechewni.22web.net/web/alkaline-trio.html alkaline trio radio] [http://krolyaka.hostinggratisespana.com/wall-sconce.html wall sconce] [http://unroot.my03.com/data/ex-wives.html ex girlfriend and wife] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/jessica-simpson.html jessica simpson boots video] [http://store.portrelay.com/pole-building-kits.html pole building kits] [http://liable.portrelay.com/perimenopause.html perimenopause definition] [http://erset.ddns.ms/schools-for-troubled.html schools for troubled youths] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/fort-hood-texas.html fort hood texas] [http://unroot.my03.com/data/vacillated.html vacillated] [http://annual.portrelay.com/small/orbitz.html orbitz airline ticket] [http://frame.portrelay.com/point-edward.html point edward charity casino poker tournament] [http://frame.portrelay.com/legal-creidit.html legal creidit repair] [http://erset.ddns.ms/california-limousine.html limousine wine tour napa california] [http://destin.my03.com/george-carlin.html george carlin] [http://angers.my03.com/description/dance-mix.html dance mix] [http://sleek.portrelay.com/text/13-year-old-average.html 13 year old average penis size] [http://destin.my03.com/tableware-supplier.html tableware supplier] [http://princeco.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/library/nice-butt-cheeks.html nice butt cheeks] [http://catdog20.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/native-american.html native american pictures] [http://tithed.my03.com/article/lorikeet.html lorikeet parrot] [http://slunk.almostmy.com/new/hot-asian-lesbians.html hot asian lesbians] [http://novel.ftpserver.biz/carmen-electra-sex.html carmen electra free sex video] [http://christinenanney.22web.net/preziosi.html preziosi] [http://shiver.myftp.info/pages/free-sex-sounds.html download free sex sound] [http://shammersa.orgfree.com/blog/free-monophonic.html free monophonic ringtone] [http://thestarsgoblue.22web.net/html/prescription-drug.html prescription drug plan] [http://catdog20.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/oro-valley-arizona.html oro valley arizona] [http://kerriecrook.w8w.pl/secret-friends.html secret friends cam girls] [http://saith.my03.com/racecar-classifieds.html racecar classifieds] [http://princeco.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/library/corduroy-skirt.html corduroy skirt] [http://devorasievert.w8w.pl/articles/skyhawk-case.html skyhawk case review] [http://erset.ddns.ms/fisting-gay.html free gay fisting] [http://haste.mrbonus.com/view/hand-job-video.html hand job video] [http://tithed.my03.com/article/robot-dance.html robot dance] [http://eloisapettit.22web.net/library/raven-naked.html raven naked] [http://annual.portrelay.com/small/teen-stress.html teen stress surveys] [http://angers.my03.com/description/paul-mauriat-mp3.html paul mauriat mp3 download] [http://slanj.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/sissy-galleries.html sissy galleries] [http://annual.portrelay.com/small/bobbies.html bobbies dropseat] [http://beaten.portrelay.com/q/tattslotto.html australian result tattslotto] [http://slanj.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/big-and-tall-mens.html big and tall mens clothing] [http://betsyharwood.w8w.pl/resources/channel-2-news.html channel 2 news] [http://angers.my03.com/description/nc-news-reporter.html nc news reporter whiteville] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/wild-girls-pool.html wild girls pool party] [http://princeco.hostinggratisvenezuela.com/library/girllove.html girllove] [http://beaten.portrelay.com/q/lee-latchford-evens.html lee latchford evens] [http://olesinok.hostinggratisespana.com/library/microsoft-access.html microsoft access is denied] [http://dismal.my03.com/text/red-lobster.html red lobster] [http://lorettamcglade.w8w.pl/napa-valley-real.html napa valley real estate] [http://cover.my03.com/resources/world-record-largemouth.html world record largemouth bass lake dixon] {| align=right<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
[[Image:Main-Eval-PG31-RS232.jpg|PG31 RS232 Dev Board]]<br />
|}<br />
<b>Description:</b><br> Getting information from your project to your computer can be difficult at first. Once you discover how to setup an RS232 connection, it's really just cut-and-paste for future projects. <br />
<br />
In this project we demonstrate how to:<br />
*Setup an external power supply<br />
*Setup 3.3V to RS232 circuit<br />
*Complex PG31 GPS footprint<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Power Regulation===<br />
First we will start with a simple adjustable voltage regulation circuit:<br />
<br />
[[Image:PG31-PowerSupply.jpg|PG31 Power Supply]]<br />
<br />
Please note this is a relatively compact SMD version of the power supply. This can easily be obtained with through-hole components using a breadboard. Here is the schematic:<br />
<br />
[[Image:PG31-PowerSupply-Schematic.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Now let's discuss what's going on here. The barrel jack (J1) is a basic 5.5mm OD 2.1mm ID type jack. We get an unregulated 9-13V out of the wall wart. <br />
<br />
The D3 large diode MBRA140 is for reverse protection. It can handle up to 1A and prevents damage to the board if a center-negative wallwart is attached. This diode will cause a ~0.5V drop from whatever the wall-wart is outputting.<br />
<br />
C2 ([[10uF Tantalum Capacitor]] in this case) is a basic decoupling cap. 10-100uF is adequate but should be rated for 15-25V.<br />
<br />
U1 is the LM317 (or LM1117 in SMD form) adjustable [[Basic_Voltage_Regulators|voltage regulator]]. It will take in some larger voltage and output a set voltage. The output voltage is set with two external resistors. R1 is historically 240 and value for R2 is different for different required output voltages. In our case, we want 3.3V out of the regulator, so R2 is set to 715. The LM317 is good because it is variable, the SOT-223 package is nice becuase it can take a relatively large voltage on the input (25V max I believe?) and has decent heat dissapation. <br />
<br />
C1 and C3 are decoupling caps that help clean up the output transcients and noise.<br />
<br />
J2 is just a two pin polarized header so that you can either 'steal' 3.3V from the board to power other boards, or have other boards power this board without the need for the external wall wart.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
===RS232 Interface===<br />
So we've got a nice clean output of 3.3V from the regulator, let's look at the RS232 connection:<br />
<br />
[[Image:PG31-SerialConnection.jpg|PG31 Serial Connection]]<br />
<br />
This shows the DB9 connector (also known as a D-Sub 9-pin connector), serial cable, and MAX3232 IC and charge pump caps (all SMD, again, can be done with PTH components). Here is the schematic:<br />
<br />
[[Image:PG31-SerialConnection-Schematic.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Now read-up on the MAX232 IC. It could be the most common IC out there, at least for the embdded world. This IC will have many different model names (ICL232 for example) but all do the same thing, and will most likely have identical pin-outs. This IC is used to take low voltage signals from your micro or PIC or ARM or whatever, and converts those low-voltage signals to higher-voltage signals that the computer can understand. The voltage levels on TTL are also inverted for RS232 so the MAX232 takes care of that as well!<br />
<br />
The MAX232 takes in TTL signals and sends out RS232 signals. It also takes the RS232 signals from the computer and outputs TTL signals to whatever microcontroller you are using. How does it do this magic? With charge pump capacitors. You'll notice four 0.1uF caps attached to the MAX3232. If you're reading closely, you'll also notice we have a MAX3232 not the MAX232. Difference:<br />
*MAX232 must be powered with 5V and converts 5V TTL<->RS232<br />
*MAX3232 can be powered from 3V to 5V and converts it to RS232<br />
<br />
So in this application, the GPS unit is running at 3.3V. If we were to send 5V TTL to it, it would be damaged! So we must use the lower voltage MAX3232 part. No big deal, it's functionally identical to the MAX232. From here on out, I will only refer to the MAX232.<br />
<br />
When you first view the MAX232 component, it can be a bit confusing. The pins label T1/T2 are the transmit channels (MAX232 has 2 TX channels and 2 RX channels). T1In/T2In will take *in* TTL and send *out* RS232 out T1Out/T2Out. So for our purposes, we need to connect the GPS unit's serial TX pin to the T1In pin of the MAX232. So when the GPS unit outputs some 3.3V TTL signals, these signals will be converted into RS232 and sent to the computer (TX1Out is connected to pin 2 on the DB9 connector).<br />
<br />
Finally, when the computer needs to send info to the GPS unit, it will send RS232 signals down the serial cable, on pin 3 of the serial cable/DB9 connector to R1In of the MAX232. This RS232 signal will be converter to TTL and sent out the R1Out pin. This TTL signal is connected to the RX pin on the GPS unit. Voila.<br />
<br />
I can't tell you how many times I've crossed TX and RX on different projects. Sit down, think about it, and once you've got it wired correctly, cut and paste into future projects.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
===PG31 Footprint===<br />
[[Image:PG31-Footprint.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Now about the footprint for the PG31. Unless the manufacturer hands you a foorprint file or a simple, recommended FP in the datasheet, you're going to have to go it on your own. We took the PG31 and a pair of calipers and went at it. It can be extremely difficult the first time. This PG31 FP took me twice to get correct. Do the best you can and try to account for things like the antenna connector. The second rev FP, I forgot to account for the MMCX connector, I put the DB9 connector right up against the PG31, and Viola - useless PCB! a.k.a another coaster for my coffee cup. But once you've got the FP, you're good for all future projects using that device. Now you know why engineers hate to change parts...<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
===Final Layout===<br />
[[Image:PG31-Layout.jpg|300px]]<br />
<br />
You can see the PCB layout is pretty straight forward. The 'solder jumpers' are a feature that SFE came up with to minimize our manufacturing time while allowing end users to populate the physical jumpers if they needed the ability to connect/disconnect a feature often and quickly. Most users just plug the PG31 onto their computer for quick evaluation. At some point, the MAX232 may need to be disconnected from the circuit so that an external micro or embedded system could be attached. If this is done back and forth often, the end user can clear the solder jumper with a swipe of the soldering iron, install a 2-pin header and a black plastic jumper. This now allows them to jumper/dejumper quickly and keeps us from having to solder the 2-pin headers into a board that may not need them.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
===Things to Improve===<br />
So that's pretty much it. The board works well, and assuming Laipac doesn't change their parts again, we will produce the board for some time.<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Documents===<br />
[[Media:PG31-RS232 Schematic.pdf|PG31-RS232 Schematic]]<br />
<br />
[[Media:PG31 RS232 Carrier - Protel.zip|PG31-RS232 Protel File]]<br />
<br />
[[Media:PG31 RS232 Carrier - Gerbers.zip|PG31-RS232 Gerber Files]]<br />
<br />
<b>Footprints:</b><br />
[[SFE_Footprint_Library|SFE Footprint Library]]<br />
<br />
FP Name: PG31<br />
<br />
<b>Supplier Info:</b><br />
Spark Fun Electronics part # : Eval-PG31-RS232<br><br />
Single Piece Price : $29.95<br />
<br />
<b>Related Items:</b><br />
<br />
* [[PG31 GPS USB Dev Board]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Projects]]</div>217.172.56.174http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=Modules&diff=11991Modules2007-12-17T14:45:29Z<p>217.172.56.174: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://reword.youdontcare.com/qwestcom.html qwest.com] [http://spells.ygto.com/new-mexico-news.html new mexico news] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/visa-prepaid.htm visa prepaid card] [http://eleanorashell.00bp.com/nude-swinger.html nude swinger photos] [http://spells.ygto.com/wwwucedu.html www.uc.edu] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/stamford-university.html stamford university ca] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/no-crystal-ball.htm no crystal ball] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/most-holy-name.html most holy name of jesus] [http://badged.ns02.biz/resources/build-or-bust.html build or bust] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/mortgage-loans.html mortgage loans] [http://defam.mynumber.org/wildebeest.html wildebeest] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/indulgence-salon.html indulgence salon baltimore] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/mycd.htm mycd] [http://reword.youdontcare.com/nodak-mutual-insurance.html nodak mutual insurance company] [http://omegamonnier.00bp.com/herbal-life-vitamins.htm herbal life vitamins] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/afi-girls-not-grey.html afi girls not grey] [http://remove.ns01.info/styles/electrophysiology.html electrophysiology] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/reynolds-aluminum.html reynolds aluminum siding] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/denis-richards.htm denis richards] [http://spells.ygto.com/captain-cook.html captain cook] [http://defam.mynumber.org/reo-speedwagon.html reo speedwagon] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/weddings-in-key.htm weddings in key west florida] [http://omegamonnier.00bp.com/herfirstasstomouthcom.htm herfirstasstomouth.com] [http://defam.mynumber.org/cape-cod-lawn-care.html cape cod lawn care maintenance] [http://eleanorashell.00bp.com/bindhercom.html bindher.com] [http://spells.ygto.com/antique-murphy.html antique murphy bed] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/adult-swim-hentai.html adult swim hentai] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/biker-wife.html biker wife] [http://defam.mynumber.org/used-car-in.html used car in buffalo] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/smelly-vagina.html smelly vagina] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/pool-designs.html pool designs] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/stub-hub.htm stub hub] [http://omegamonnier.00bp.com/free-illegal-porn.htm free illegal porn] [http://reword.youdontcare.com/tna.html tna] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/teens-painful.htm teens painful sex] [http://reword.youdontcare.com/media-center.html media center dvd problems] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/two-headed-girl.htm two headed girl] [http://colic.trickip.net/small/james-stewart.html james stewart] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/bagged.htm bagged] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/whale-cock.html whale cock] [http://eleanorashell.00bp.com/myhuskyca.html myhusky.ca] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/associates-in-teaching.html associates in teaching degree online programs] [http://spells.ygto.com/rene-descartes.html rene descartes] [http://remove.ns01.info/styles/antivirus-software.html antivirus software free download] [http://remove.ns01.info/styles/indian-women.html indian women undressing] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/cemetery.htm cemetery] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/adultfreindfindercom.html adultfreindfinder.com] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/busty-bra-babes.html busty bra babes] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/teenage-lobotomy.html teenage lobotomy tabs] [http://eleanorashell.00bp.com/dj-lady-tribe.html dj lady tribe] [http://badged.ns02.biz/resources/pet-wear.html pet wear] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/asian-nude-video.html asian nude video clips] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/teenie-thumb.htm teenie thumb] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/south-carolina.html south carolina firework store] [http://remove.ns01.info/styles/trust-accounting.html trust accounting software] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/ssc.htm ssc] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/working-cattle-ranch.html working cattle ranch horseback vacations] [http://omegamonnier.00bp.com/familyguy-sex.htm familyguy sex] [http://badged.ns02.biz/resources/commonwealth-employment.html commonwealth employment opportunities] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/kevin-sharp.htm kevin sharp] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/adult-lingerie.htm adult lingerie] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/ozzy-and-harriet.htm ozzy and harriet nelson] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/xxx-flintstones.htm xxx flintstones porn] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/husky-tools.htm husky tools] [http://defam.mynumber.org/girl-jeans.html girl jeans] [http://omegamonnier.00bp.com/midget-lesbians.htm midget lesbians] [http://remove.ns01.info/styles/417-bus-line.html 417 bus line] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/mark-consuelos.htm mark consuelos] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/university-of-iowa.html university of iowa faculty salaries] [http://eleanorashell.00bp.com/goat-gouda.html goat gouda] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/ship-sound-space.html ship sound space] [http://remove.ns01.info/styles/tay-ninh-province.html tay ninh province] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/atfa.htm atfa] [http://remove.ns01.info/styles/nigeria-gnp-per.html nigeria gnp per capita] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/michelle-marsh.htm michelle marsh sexy] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/designer-inspired.html designer inspired handbags] [http://colic.trickip.net/small/school-girls-sluts.html school girls sluts] [http://eleanorashell.00bp.com/free-gay-latino.html free gay latino movie clips] [http://colic.trickip.net/small/thats-70s-show-cast.html thats 70s show cast] [http://colic.trickip.net/small/accessory-american.html accessory american motorcycle] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/schizophrenia-caused.html schizophrenia caused by drugs] [http://reword.youdontcare.com/nissan-titan.html nissan titan] [http://colic.trickip.net/small/minority-executive.html minority executive] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/beautiful-brazilian.htm beautiful brazilian model] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/assmasters.html assmasters] [http://defam.mynumber.org/lyrics-to-lullabye.html lyrics to lullabye] [http://badged.ns02.biz/resources/johnson-workhorse.html johnson workhorse loader] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/lqcom.html lq.com] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/rudejam.htm rudejam] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/men-swimming.htm men swimming] [http://colic.trickip.net/small/illegal-porno.html illegal porno] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/evening-primrose.html evening primrose oil] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/new-ford-commercial.html new ford commercial service trucks] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/nrc-form-3.htm nrc form 3] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/ct-escorts.htm ct escorts] [http://colic.trickip.net/small/merrell-sandals.html merrell sandals] [http://omegamonnier.00bp.com/pre-teen-galleries.htm pre teen galleries] [http://defam.mynumber.org/kit-carson.html kit carson] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/overcome-smoking.htm overcome smoking audio bible sermon] [http://defam.mynumber.org/frost-national.html frost national bank] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/kitana-nude.htm kitana nude] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/demi-moore-striptease.html demi moore striptease gallery] [http://remove.ns01.info/styles/lyra-128mb-mp3.html lyra 128mb mp3 player] [http://reword.youdontcare.com/suitcases.html suitcases] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/aquarium-georgia.htm aquarium georgia hotel near] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/escorts-independent.html escorts independent service] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/amos-moses-guitar.htm amos moses guitar tab] [http://defam.mynumber.org/arrow-pratt-measure.html arrow pratt measure of risk aversion] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/feet-tattoos.htm feet tattoos] [http://omegamonnier.00bp.com/old-fashioned.htm old fashioned love song] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/discount-laptop.htm discount laptop] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/world-war-ii.htm world war ii pacific theater map] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/nylon-webbing.htm nylon webbing] [http://eleanorashell.00bp.com/blow-job-betty.html blow job betty] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/dogs.html dogs] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/muscle-worship.html muscle worship gay] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/fat-twats.html fat twats] [http://eleanorashell.00bp.com/water-sports-peeing.html water sports peeing pissing] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/federal-prisons.htm federal prisons] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/aussie-racing-cars.html aussie racing cars] [http://defam.mynumber.org/erection-in-speedos.html erection in speedos] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/mature-free-granny.htm mature free granny] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/lesbian-touch.html lesbian touch] [http://defam.mynumber.org/lancer-body-kit.html lancer body kit] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/controlled-ferroresonant.html controlled ferroresonant filtered] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/world-war-2-submarine.htm world war 2 submarine] [http://buskin.xxuz.com/content/aikido-ki-society.htm aikido ki society sports] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/refurbishment-service.html refurbishment service] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/asian-girls-sexy.html asian girls sexy] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/italian-photo.html italian photo charms] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/australian-domain.html australian domain registry] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/little-tyke.html little tyke] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/teenage-brunettes.html teenage brunettes] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/worlds-fattest.html worlds fattest man pic] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/apartments-for.htm apartments for rent in cyprus] [http://omegamonnier.00bp.com/black-girls-masterbating.htm black girls masterbating] [http://vermin.jungleheart.com/aztec-temples.htm aztec temples] [http://eleanorashell.00bp.com/sexy-flash.html sexy flash] [http://colic.trickip.net/small/germaine.html germaine] [http://reword.youdontcare.com/sustainability.html sustainability] [http://voided.mefound.com/topic/14-year-old-hot.html 14 year old hot girls] [http://hoalarrison.00bp.com/boys-in-gay-briefs.html boys in gay briefs] [http://defam.mynumber.org/stories-of-men.html stories of men forced to wear panties] [http://reword.youdontcare.com/bella-loves.html bella loves jenna] [http://defam.mynumber.org/network-attached.html network attached storage device] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/sripraphai-new.html sripraphai new york times] [http://terrellorner.00bp.com/galleries-of-enormous.html galleries of enormous sagging tits] [http://reword.youdontcare.com/metro-roof-products.html metro roof products] [http://yvetteschnabel.00bp.com/alian-ant-farm.htm alian ant farm] [http://spain.vizvaz.com/text/italian-recipes.html italian recipes] [[Image:Main-GM862-0.jpg|70px|GM862]] [[GM862 Cellular Module]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Main-WiTilt-v2-0.jpg|70px|BlueTooth Accelerometer]] [[BlueTooth Accelerometer (SparkFun)]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Grey-bg-xbee.jpg|70px|Xbee]] [[Xbee wireless module]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Modules]]</div>217.172.56.174