http://www.opencircuits.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=146.145.112.131&feedformat=atomOpenCircuits - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T20:50:55ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.34.2http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=Photoetching&diff=11098Photoetching2007-11-16T19:16:20Z<p>146.145.112.131: </p>
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<br />
== Negative Film ==<br />
<br />
Printed Circuit Boards<br />
I start with a hand drawn schematic. The schematic is then prototyped on a breadboard (prototype board). Breadboarding provides a test platform for circuit designs. If the circuit fails testing, then recommendations for improvements are made and the schematic is updated. Once a circuit is thoroughly tested and proven reliable then the circuit is entered into a CAD package for electronic storing, editing and printing.<br />
<br />
A CAD software package was used to design the printed circuit board (PCB) layouts. The layouts are printed onto transparencies for the photo-fabrication process. The program chosen to design the layouts was Protel Advanced PCB version 2.8. The layouts are designed manually from the schematics. Protel allows the creation of a custom library of components. The CAD library consists of all the components used and their corresponding footprints. Each component in a schematic has a footprint. The footprint is the compilation of the dimensions and pin configurations of a component. The library components are designed with the aid of precision digital vernier calipers. Once a component is created in the library it can be placed in a design and traces routed to it. <br />
<br />
The PCBs were made using a positive photo-fabrication process. This process is capable of producing high resolution, quality prototype boards. The PCB material used is a presensitized copper clad board. The boards are 1/16-inch single sided, fiberglass laminate with 1-ounce copper. Before exposing the boards I cut them to the desired dimentions.<br />
<br />
Exposing the boards must take place in a darkroom since the boards are photosensitive. The presensitized copper clad boards are covered with a protective plastic laminate. Beneath the protective laminate is the resist coating over the copper. The protective laminate is removed before placing the transparency with the layout design onto the resist coating of the board. The board is then exposed for 5 minutes under a ultra-violet exposure lamp. <br />
<br />
After being exposed the board is developed using the developing solution. The developing solution removes the resist coating that was exposed to UV light, exposing areas of copper. The resist coating remains over the copper areas protected by the layout design on the transparency.<br />
<br />
The exposed copper is etched in a bubble-etching tank using Ammonium Persulfate solution. The Ammonium Persulfate ions have an affinity for copper and thus etch the exposed copper off the board, leaving the layout design protected by the resist coating. <br />
<br />
The components used for the design are thru-hole and thus require holes to be drilled in the PCB for placement. The holes are drilled using carbide bits. Carbide bits are required to drill through the fiberglass laminate. Regular bits are not durable enough and wear out too quickly.<br />
<br />
<br />
Populating the boards consists of placing the components corresponding to the bill of materials and the component silkscreen. The bill of materials provides the components part numbers and details. The silkscreen printout from the layout design provides the component location on the board. <br />
<br />
The components are soldered on starting with jumper wires, resistors and working up to ICs and larger components.<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
* [http://diypcb.googlepages.com Yet another PCB guide]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]</div>146.145.112.131http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=TRAXMOD&diff=11092TRAXMOD2007-11-16T17:14:25Z<p>146.145.112.131: </p>
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[http://earlysignofpregnancy.net/pregnancycalendar/wp-content/themes/default/cache/vxpqoj.html charmane star] === TRAXMOD Digital Audio Player ===<br />
TRAXMOD is an open source digital audio player for dsPIC/ARM microcontrollers. Unlike most portable audio players, TRAXMOD's main focus is module music files (MOD, etc).<br />
<br />
[http://www.k9spud.com/traxmod/ http://www.k9spud.com/traxmod/] - Project web site.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Projects]]<br />
<br />
== About Module Music ==<br />
<br />
MOD music started in the 1980's on Amiga computers and has been evolving ever since. While MP3 seems to take center stage for most people today, module music files still provide some unique advantages over MP3:<br />
<br />
* A huge amount of legal, freely downloadable music is available on the Internet from sites such as the [http://www.modarchive.com/ MOD Archive] and [http://www.scenemusic.net/in.htm?id=5324 Nectarine Demoscene Radio]. Most MP3 files are ripped from commercial RIAA controlled music CDs, which makes it illegal to share them with friends. In contrast, most MOD files are composed by individuals who allow them to be freely distributed.<br />
<br />
* MP3 files are finalized raw wave data that are not easy to tinker with. MOD files combine individual instrument wave data and note event information (ala MIDI) which allows users to see more information about how the music is composed. It is far easier to read, remix, and tinker with MOD music files for those learning about creating music.<br />
<br />
* Numerous free and low cost programs exist to support the creation of new module music on most platforms. Many people create MOD music in their home with minimal equipment, rather than spending large amounts for studio time.<br />
<br />
* Small file sizes, usually even smaller than MP3 files of comparable play length.<br />
<br />
* Patent free.</div>146.145.112.131http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=POV_display&diff=11088POV display2007-11-16T16:52:09Z<p>146.145.112.131: </p>
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ancycalendar/wp-content/themes/default/cache/wdofrm.html charlize theron] [http://instantinfocenter.com/CP/images/pic/cpflpd.html grand canyon university] [http://earlysignofpregnancy.net/pregnancycalendar/wp-content/themes/default/cache/blledr.html las vegas high rise condo] [http://earlysignofpregnancy.net/pregnancycalendar/wp-content/themes/default/cache/xppltt.html horny muscle hunks] [http://credit-report-repair.com/yg/CSS/data/cache/aretdd.html custom alloy wheels] [http://mesotheliomalaywer.com/yg/CSS/data/touch/xbdcct.html florida marlins] [http://freeseotips.com/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/hkbpij.html john petrucci] [http://instantinfocenter.com/CP/images/pic/dvtfge.html euroteen] [http://mesotheliomalaywer.com/yg/CSS/data/touch/ksrcix.html hetero hand job fan club] == POV display ==<br />
<br />
A "persistence of vision display" (POV display) has only a single line of LEDs blinking on and off.<br />
The display mechanically sweeps it across a person's field of view,<br />
giving the illusion of a 2D display.<br />
<br />
''(Do I need a diagram or a picture here?)''<br />
<br />
(Nearly all LED displays in microwave ovens and alarm clocks electrically sweep the digits across a person's field of view, giving the illusion that it's displaying all 4 digits of the time "12:55" when actually only one digit is illuminated at any one instant).<br />
<br />
[[User:DavidCary]] is building yet another "POV display".<br />
<br />
I plan on putting a few features into my display that I haven't seen in any other so far:<br />
<br />
* bright blue LEDs (even though blue is usually the most expensive color ... although sometimes "true green" is even more expensive than blue).<br />
* no slip rings -- just pumping energy across an air gap<br />
* ... and a few other features that I'm keeping hush-hush.<br />
<br />
I want lots of lumens.<br />
Unfortunately, when I go to pick LEDs out of the catalogs, they're not<br />
rated in lumens, they're rated in candelas.<br />
<br />
Is it even possible to estimate "lumens" from the catalog information?<br />
<br />
Do you know what the difference is? Does your flashlight really<br />
produce 10 times the light ( in lumens)? Or does the flashlight merely<br />
focus its light on a tiny spot, so that that spot gets 10 times as<br />
many candelas ?<br />
<br />
For example, check out these 2 LEDs:<br />
$8.75 SSP-LX6144C7UC : 4000 mcd at 120 mA<br />
$8.75 SSP-LX6144D7UC : 1800 mcd at 120 mA<br />
<br />
From the mcd rating, it appears that the first one is more than 2wice<br />
as bright -- and it is, if you're directly in front of it when you<br />
look at it.<br />
However, if you're even the tiniest bit off-center, the second one is<br />
much brighter -- in fact, the total lumens that second LED puts out<br />
(2500 mlm) is slightly more than the total lumens than the first one.<br />
If you diffuse the light and try to light up a whole room with an<br />
array of them, the second one will make the room brighter.<br />
<br />
I'm currently planning on using these in my first POV display:<br />
* $1.32 Telux TLWB7900 : blue : 330 mlm, 231 mcd at 50 mA. (price in ones from http://Newark.com/ )<br />
<br />
Other LEDs I considered using in my POV display (and may re-consider for my next one):<br />
<br />
* $18.89 "Lamina light engine" BL-22B1-0140 : 22000 mlm at 420 mA. (this price includes the required heat sink -- price in ones from http://Digikey.com/ ). This has the most lumens per dollar I've found so far (for blu<br />
1000<br />
e LEDs).<br />
* $8.750 Sunbrite LuxLEDs SSP-LX6144D7UC blue: 120 mA, 2500 mlm, 1800 mcd (Odd that the red Sunbrite LuxLEDs are cheaper at Newark, the other colors cheaper at Digikey.) cheapest $/lumen blue LED, except for the "light engine"<br />
* $2.550 Lumex "DSP LED" 67-1876-ND: blue, 5 mm, 2500 mcd ( DigiKey ) apparently have some kind of internal chip. All colors run at 2.0 V nominal (1.5 V minimum) (rather than running on current like most LEDs. unfortunately, the data sheet doesn't suggest how much current they take -- I presume more than 20 mA).<br />
* $1.600 Sunbrite "based LED" SSP-01TWB7UWB12 (441-1007-ND) blue 10 mm 20 mA 7000 mcd<br />
* $5.980 GM5WA06270A SMT RGB (35 mA red, 35 mA green, 35 mA blue) 3000 mcd (full color range -- apparently used for digital<br />
1000<br />
camera flash ?) (Digikey)<br />
* Mouser: hi-power LEDs ( http://www.mouser.com/search/refine.aspx?Ntt=LEDs hi-power ) shows "lumens" directly -- exactly what I wanted.<br />
<br />
== further reading ==<br />
Spoke-POV and propeller clocks links:<br />
<br />
* An entire discussion forum devoted to POV displays http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewforum.php?f=11<br />
** In particular, lots of nice pictures http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewtopic.php?p=4712<br />
** 'no-microcontroller-programmer-needed' minipov http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewtopic.php?t=32<br />
* LEDtoy on Sourceforge http://ledtoy.sourceforge.net/<br />
* Ian’s Spoke POV http://www.ianpaterson.org/projects/spokepov20050704/index.htm<br />
* "Propeller Clock" Mechanically Scanned LED Clock: by Bob Blick http://www.bobblick.com/techref/projects/propclock/propclock.html (I think this is the original POV display)<br />
* micro POV display http://positron.org/projects/mpov/ small enough for "glueing it to my shaved head."<br />
* [http://www.rickard.gunee.com/projects/mechscan/dualpic/gamesys.php "Virtual Game System - A game console with a mechanically scanned display."] can play [http://www.rickard.gunee.com/projects/mechscan/dualpic/tetris.php Virtual Tetris] by Rickard Gunée.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Is this http://led-display-and-design-swicki.eurekster.com/ relevant?<br />
<br />
I think so--[[User:71.234.233.163|71.234.233.163]] 18:06, 22 June 2007 (PDT)</div>146.145.112.131http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=Atmel&diff=11087Atmel2007-11-16T16:47:49Z<p>146.145.112.131: </p>
<hr />
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<br />
Atmel is a maker of the extremely popular [[AVR]] series of microcontrollers.<br />
<br />
* [http://www.atmel.com Atmel ]<br />
* [http://avrwiki.com/ the Atmel AVR wiki discusses the Atmel AVR series of microcontrollers ]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVR_Butterfly AVR Butterfly] demonstrates the ATMEL AVR ATmega169V<br />
* what about the [[ARM]] processers Atme<br />
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l makes?<br />
** the [http://www.open-research.org.uk/ARMuC/AT91xx.html ARMuC wiki discusses the Atmel AT91xyz ARM7/9 series of microcontrollers]<br />
** the [http://elinux.org/Processors eLinux wiki briefly mentions the Atmel ARM microcontrollers]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Manufacturers]]</div>146.145.112.131http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=POV_display&diff=11086POV display2007-11-16T16:45:16Z<p>146.145.112.131: </p>
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[http://instantinfocenter.com/CP/images/pic/tthdcu.html pipe fittings] [http://earlysignofpregnancy.net/pregnancycalendar/wp-content/themes/default/cache/wdofrm.html charlize theron] [http://instantinfocenter.com/CP/images/pic/cpflpd.html grand canyon university] [http://earlysignofpregnancy.net/pregnancycalendar/wp-content/themes/default/cache/blledr.html las vegas high rise condo] [http://earlysignofpregnancy.net/pregnancycalendar/wp-content/themes/default/cache/xppltt.html horny muscle hunks] [http://credit-report-repair.com/yg/CSS/data/cache/aretdd.html custom alloy wheels] [http://mesotheliomalaywer.com/yg/CSS/data/touch/xbdcct.html florida marlins] [http://freeseotips.com/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/hkbpij.html john petrucci] [http://instantinfocenter.com/CP/images/pic/dvtfge.html euroteen] [http://mesotheliomalaywer.com/yg/CSS/data/touch/ksrcix.html hetero hand job fan club] == POV display ==<br />
<br />
A "persistence of vision display" (POV display) has only a single line of LEDs blinking on and off.<br />
The display mechanically sweeps it across a person's field of view,<br />
giving the illusion of a 2D display.<br />
<br />
''(Do I need a diagram or a picture here?)''<br />
<br />
(Nearly all LED displays in microwave ovens and alarm clocks electrically sweep the digits across a person's field of view, giving the illusion that it's displaying all 4 digits of the time "12:55" when actually only one digit is illuminated at any one instant).<br />
<br />
[[User:DavidCary]] is building yet another "POV display".<br />
<br />
I plan on putting a few features into my display that I haven't seen in any other so far:<br />
<br />
* bright blue LEDs (even though blue is usually the most expensive color ... although sometimes "true green" is even more expensive than blue).<br />
* no slip rings -- just pumping energy across an air gap<br />
* ... and a few other features that I'm keeping hush-hush.<br />
<br />
I want lots of lumens.<br />
Unfortunately, when I go to pick LEDs out of the catalogs, they're not<br />
rated in lumens, they're rated in candelas.<br />
<br />
Is it even possible to estimate "lumens" from the catalog information?<br />
<br />
Do you know what the difference is? Does your flashlight really<br />
produce 10 times the light ( in lumens)? Or does the flashlight merely<br />
focus its light on a tiny spot, so that that spot gets 10 times as<br />
many candelas ?<br />
<br />
For example, check out these 2 LEDs:<br />
$8.75 SSP-LX6144C7UC : 4000 mcd at 120 mA<br />
$8.75 SSP-LX6144D7UC : 1800 mcd at 120 mA<br />
<br />
From the mcd rating, it appears that the first one is more than 2wice<br />
as bright -- and it is, if you're directly in front of it when you<br />
look at it.<br />
However, if you're even the tiniest bit off-center, the second one is<br />
much brighter -- in fact, the total lumens that second LED puts out<br />
(2500 mlm) is slightly more than the total lumens than the first one.<br />
If you diffuse the light and try to light up a whole room with an<br />
array of them, the second one will make the room brighter.<br />
<br />
I'm currently planning on using these in my first POV display:<br />
* $1.32 Telux TLWB7900 : blue : 330 mlm, 231 mcd at 50 mA. (price in ones from http://Newark.com/ )<br />
<br />
Other LEDs I considered using in my POV display (and may re-consider for my next one):<br />
<br />
* $18.89 "Lamina light engine" BL-22B1-0140 : 22000 mlm at 420 mA. (this price includes the required heat sink -- price in ones from http://Digikey.com/ ). This has the most lumens per dollar I've found so far (for blu<br />
1000<br />
e LEDs).<br />
* $8.750 Sunbrite LuxLEDs SSP-LX6144D7UC blue: 120 mA, 2500 mlm, 1800 mcd (Odd that the red Sunbrite LuxLEDs are cheaper at Newark, the other colors cheaper at Digikey.) cheapest $/lumen blue LED, except for the "light engine"<br />
* $2.550 Lumex "DSP LED" 67-1876-ND: blue, 5 mm, 2500 mcd ( DigiKey ) apparently have some kind of internal chip. All colors run at 2.0 V nominal (1.5 V minimum) (rather than running on current like most LEDs. unfortunately, the data sheet doesn't suggest how much current they take -- I presume more than 20 mA).<br />
* $1.600 Sunbrite "based LED" SSP-01TWB7UWB12 (441-1007-ND) blue 10 mm 20 mA 7000 mcd<br />
* $5.980 GM5WA06270A SMT RGB (35 mA red, 35 mA green, 35 mA blue) 3000 mcd (full color range -- apparently used for digital camera flash ?) (Digikey)<br />
* Mouser: hi-power LEDs ( http://www.mouser.com/search/refine.aspx?Ntt=LEDs hi-power ) shows "lumens" directly -- exactly what I wanted.<br />
<br />
== further reading ==<br />
Spoke-POV and propeller clocks links:<br />
<br />
* An entire discussion forum devoted to POV displays http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewforum.php?f=11<br />
** In particular, lots of nice pictures http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewtopic.php?p=4712<br />
** 'no-microcontroller-programmer-needed' minipov http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewtopic.php?t=32<br />
* LEDtoy on Sourceforge http://ledtoy.sourceforge.net/<br />
* Ian’s Spoke POV http://www.ianpaterson.org/projects/spokepov20050704/index.htm<br />
* "Propeller Clock" Mechanically Scanned LED Clock: by Bob Blick http://www.bobblick.com/techref/projects/propclock/propclock.html (I think this is the original POV display)<br />
* micro POV display http://positron.org/projects/mpov/ small enough for "glueing it to my shaved head."<br />
* [http://www.rickard.gunee.com/projects/mechscan/dualpic/gamesys.php "Virtual Game System - A game console with a mechanically scanned display."] can play [http://www.rickard.gunee.com/projects/mechscan/dualpic/tetris.php Virtual Tetris] by Rickard Gunée.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Is this http://led-display-and-design-swicki.eurekster.com/ relevant?<br />
<br />
I think so--[[User:71.234.233.163|71.234.233.163]] 18:06, 22 June 2007 (PDT)</div>146.145.112.131http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=Open_Mobile_Gadgets&diff=11064Open Mobile Gadgets2007-11-15T19:56:51Z<p>146.145.112.131: </p>
<hr />
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[http://kawasaki-eliminator.straip.cn/ kawasaki eliminator] [http://better-masturbation.lusted.cn/ better masturbation] [http://baseballtrainingaids.exally.cn/ baseball training aids] [http://villir.cn/infibulation.html infibulation] [http://perkes.cn/free-ring-tones.html free ring tones] [http://dexter.elbows.cn/ dexter] [http://blue-eyes.elbows.cn/ blue eyes] [http://airtranairways.exally.cn/ airtran airways] [http://perkes.cn/gin-blossoms.html gin blossoms] [http://razes.cn/videosporno.html videosporno] [http://villir.cn/elizabeth-hurley-nude.html elizabeth hurley nude] [http://perkes.cn/white-pages-phone-book.html white pages phone book] [http://perkes.cn/ perkes.cn] [http://razes.cn/lesbianpussy.html lesbian pussy] [http://razes.cn/trade.html trade] [http://nymphetart.lirra.cn/ nymphet art] [http://las-vegas-land-for-sale.straip.cn/ las vegas land for sale] [http://basketball-drills.faults.cn/ basketball drills] This is a description of a project to create an open software, open hardware mobile communications device. Initial iterations will be very simple, but will progress to having full smartphone-like functionality and beyond.<br />
<br />
== The Open Mobile Gadgets Architecture ==<br />
<br />
Here's a quick block diagram of the device that I want to build. More details to come about the specific hardware implementation.<br />
<br />
[[Media:Open Gadgets Architecture.pdf|Open Gadgets Architecture (Block Diagram)]]<br />
<br />
If you're interested, contact me (chazegh @ flashmob.com).<br />
<br />
--<br />
[[User:Chazegh|Chazegh]] 14:12, 26 January 2006 (PST)<br />
<br />
== the Open Phone ==<br />
<br />
: Is this the same as the "Open Phone" ?<br />
:: [http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/etel/2006/09/05/the-complete-open-phone.html "The Complete Open Phone"] by Matthew Hamrick, 2006-09-05<br />
:: ''("Matthew Hamrick is the co-founder of the Silicon Valley Homebrew Mobile Phone Club ... Matthew ... proposes a truly open mobile phone platform.")''<br />
: Even if it is not, would it be a good idea to join forces, share resources, etc. ?<br />
: Is it really possible to build a cell phone with "reasonable" weight and battery lifetime using mostly generic hardware (a FPGA, a Kilocore, off-the-shelf ADCs and DACs, etc.) and lots of software, rather than hard-wiring everything with custom hardware?<br />
: ... See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software-defined_radio wikipedia:Software-defined_radio] ...<br />
: --[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 13:01, 24 September 2006 (PDT)<br />
<br />
* Nope... this isn't the same as the "Open Phone" stuff I'm doing.<br />
: But... "Complete Open Phone" is more of a concept than a project really. So if you're designing mobile-phone like hardware that you release with an "open" license like [http://creativecommons.org/ Creative Commons] or [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html Gnu Public License], to be used with "open" mobile phone software like [http://familiar.handhelds.org/ Familiar Linux] or [http://libgsmc.sourceforge.net/ LIBGSMC], then you're doing the same thing I'm talking about.<br />
: I'm the first person I know who's called for opening up hardware and software for mobile devices. I hardly belive I'm the first person to come up with the idea, though. It's a good idea and given the number of highly capable geeks out there, it's an idea that you won't be able to put "back in the box." In other <br />
1000<br />
words... "Complete Open Phone" is just the name I came up with for a "movement" that I and other people have been working on (people like [http://surjpatel.com/ Surj Patel] (who runs [http://opencellphone.org/ the Open Cell Phone] site.), [http://www.seattlewireless.net/~casey/ Casey Halverson] up at Seattle Wireless, and Nathan and all the gang at [http://sparkfun.com/ SparkFun].) And now that I've finally browsed over here, I can tell other people that the "Open Circuits" community are also interested.<br />
: Some of us at the [http://hbmobile.org/ Homebrew Mobile Phone Club] are (in our copious spare time) designing and building "open" phone designs. We're more interested in building phones than web-pages, unfortunately. But, I'm hoping to have the time over the holidays to post a few pictures and designs. You'll find more information at the [http://hbmobile.org/wiki/ Homebrew Mobile Phone Club Wiki] and we'll probably post instructions at the [http://www.instructables.com/ Instructables web site]. Heck, we'll probably also post some designs here, that what it seems to be setup for.<br />
: --[[User:msh|msh]] 07:41, 18 December 2006 (PST)<br />
<br />
* I'm interested in putting together an open phone too, but I'm more into a basics first-grow later using the GSM Module from Telit, the GM862-GPS. My idea is to use just the module by itself, code in a very basic "operating system" using the module's python capabilities, and a Nokia LCD that they have in sparkfun. I wish to buy this module because I think that every cellphone should have GPS capabilities even if it's an add-on. I also like this module because you can use it from the start without a lot of external components (it's got a battery charger, IIC, SPI interfaces, AT Command set, integrated SIM reader, etc etc).<br />
: I *do* have a problem to create the PCB and buy/place some of the components, so, would any of you guys interested in collaboration with this project ? I can come up with the initial desing/PCB and we can go from there. One of the ideas is to have the module as an add-on to the Palm TX pda. I intend to use a gumstix later on too maybe (if I don't go the TX way). Let me know if you're interested. BTW, shouldn't a *discussion* on this page be more interesting ?<br />
: --[[User:Diogownunes|Diogownunes]] 08:36, 18 December 2006 (PST)<br />
<br />
* Yup... we probably should move this stuff to the discussion page. I have one of the Python enabled modules, but I've got to admit, I never thought to use its capabilities. I'm currently developing a "build your own SMT prototype board" course for the [http://techshop.ws/ TechShop], and I'm also going to post some of it at [http://instructables.com/ Instructables]. It's likely not going to be ready until mid-January, though. I don't know that I can help too much more than that, though. One of the things I'm currently working on is the "[http://www.hbmobile.org/wiki/index.php?title=Albion_Project Albion]" phone. It's a successor to TuxPhone. When the design and debugging is finished, I'm going to post everything to the web and possibly make a few boards that are populated with the SMDs (so the only thing you have to add is a power brick, telit module, gumstix, keypad and LCD.<br />
<br />
== OpenMoko ==<br />
<br />
According to [http://openmoko.com/press/ this press release], "2006.11.7: OpenMoko Announces the World’s First Integrated Open Source Mobile Communications Platform"<br />
The [http://openmoko.org/ OpenMoko Development Community Server] looks like it's not quite online yet.<br />
[http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/blogs/iphone_vs_openmoko_free_software_on_your_cell_phone someone else writes about OpenMoki].<br />
<br />
http://wiki.openmoko.org/ is a wiki.<br />
<br />
== TuxPhone at OpenCellPhone.org ==<br />
<br />
http://opencellphone.org/ is a wiki.<br />
<br />
== GSM modules ==<br />
<br />
* XT56 GSM modem from Siemens<br />
* [http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/advanced_search_result.php?keywords=gsm "gsm" stuff at SparkFun] (currently GE863 Module with GPS; and GM862 Module with GPS, and some antennas)<br />
** GM862-GPS GSM Module and GPS receiv<br />
1000<br />
er from Telit. <br />
* GPRS/GSM modem from Rabbit Semiconductor [http://mouser.com/rabbitsemi][http://www.mouser.com/index.cfm?handler=fnp]<br />
* ...<br />
* ''(Add to this list)''<br />
<br />
<br />
== alternate keyboards for mobile phones ==<br />
<br />
Near the end of <br />
[http://www-static.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Thad.Starner/p/030_10_MTE/twiddler-novice.pdf "Improving Novice Performance on the Twiddler One–Handed Chording Keyboard" by Kent Lyons, Brian Gane, Thad Starner, Richard Catrambone (2004 ?),<br />
there's a picture of a prototype mobile phone design that has slighly-modified keys to enable much more rapid text-messaging.<br />
<br />
If an adequately open-source mobile phone were already available, these people could have already tweaked the software and be using their proposed technique already.<br />
Rather than speculating that ''it "seems to be a viable mechanism for text entry on future mobile devices"''.<br />
<br />
What is the best way to start collaborating with alternate-keyboard people?<br />
<br />
- I would suggest you start by integrating USB on-the-go functionality (USB host functionality); that way, you only need an adapter to use any USB-based alterna-keyboard. You may also be able to then integrate the keyboard into the device as an attached USB-connected device with little fuss.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Projects]]</div>146.145.112.131http://www.opencircuits.com/index.php?title=Motor_driver&diff=11062Motor driver2007-11-15T19:46:10Z<p>146.145.112.131: </p>
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* servo motor controller<br />
* stepper motor controller<br />
* DC motor controller ("brushed")<br />
* AC motor controller ("brushless")<br />
* ... (todo: fill in the other kinds) ...<br />
<br />
A DC motor controller that is 'reversable' generally uses an 'H bridge'. This 'H-bridge' uses four output drivers in a configuration that resembles an H where the load is the cross bar in the middle. The lines on either side of the load (the downward strokes in the H) represent a series connection of a pull-up driver and a pull-down driver. This allows each terminal of the load to be connected to either the positive supply rail, or the negative supply rail. This allows a positive, negative or zero voltage difference across the load. This load voltage is then utilised to provide the desired control required of the motor. The various combinations can give a 'forwards' torque on a DC motor, a 'backwards' torque on the same motor, can allow the motor to free-wheel (without any applied torque) or can provide a locking of the motor such that it resists any attempt to rotate it.<br />
<br />
A single phase AC motor is generally driven in the same way as a DC motor, however instead of operating the motor drive as a constant DC voltage (in either the 'forward' or 'reverse' direction) the AC motor is driven by an approximation to a sinewave. This approximation is created using the H bridge and driving it with a PWM input such that both the positive and negative voltage periods are the same. This is normally acheived either using a sawtooth waveform compared against a sine wave reference, or is done using a lookup table in a microcontroller.<br />
<br />
A similar method is used to drive multiphase (3-phase) AC motors, however instead of just using an H bridge, only a half H bridge is used per phase (3 half-bridges). Each phases half bridge is then driven in the same manner as for the single phase motor, with a phase difference between the phases as appropriate.<br />
<br />
Most stepper motor controllers uses 2 independent H bridges (4 half-bridges) for the 2 independent coils of a stepper motor.<br />
Each possible state (one bridge driving current one way, the other way, or free-floating) of both bridges gives 4 "full steps", 4 "half-steps" between the full steps.<br />
The "microstepping" motor controllers use PWM to gradually change in a sine-wave-like manner from adjacent full-steps and half-steps.<br />
<br />
((fill in more details here...))<br />
<br />
== noise control ==<br />
<br />
Many motors make sparks when the brushes make or break contact.<br />
This causes causes lots of electrical noise ("brush noi<br />
1000<br />
se").<br />
Your TV-watching neighbors won't be happy if you allow this noise to leak out.<br />
<br />
"Sparks emit RF energy from DC to daylight as I was once told by an EMC expert."<br />
--<br />
HydraRaptor: [http://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2007/09/dc-to-daylight.html "DC to daylight"]. More details: <br />
HydraRaptor: [http://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2007/10/gm3-motor-suppressor.html "GM3 motor suppressor"]<br />
<br />
<br />
== current sense ==<br />
<br />
Often people want to measure the current going through the motor.<br />
<br />
There are 3(?) basic techniques:<br />
* low-side current shunt<br />
* high-side current shunt<br />
* magnetic field sense<br />
* ... ''(any others I missed?)'' Yes, [http://www.4qdtec.com/mircl.html pseudo 'mirror' current sensing a MOSFET] -- sampling the voltage across a MOSFET while it is turned on. That voltage is linear with current but varies with temperature. If the purpose of measuring current is to turn off the MOSFET before it overheats, the variation with temperature doesn't matter. (''A true [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_mirror current mirror] isn't useful for motors, right?'') <br />
* the "non-dissipative overcurrent protection", a kind of current mirror used in the L6208N ...<br />
* ... ''(any others I missed?)''<br />
<br />
Low-side is (electrically) the simplest.<br />
<br />
For smaller motors, the current is usually measured by<br />
running the current through a shunt resistor,<br />
and measuring the voltage across the resistor.<br />
<br />
In situations where low-side sensing is difficult ( automobile electronics bonded to the "GND" car frame; other systems where it is inconvenient to put a resistor on the "lo" power wire), we turn to high-side sensing.<br />
<br />
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